Supplementation: Programmatic Issues

Micronutrient supplementation offers the ability to directly provide a controlled, concentrated dose of micronutrient(s) to a risk group. It is generally intended as a short-term means of rapidly preventing nutrient deficiencies in high-risk groups until adequate and sustainable food-based programs become effective. Preventing vitamin A, iron, and zinc deficiencies requires a combination of repetitive distribution of high-dose nutrient supplements, fortification of staple foods, and behavior change, whereas salt fortification alone has achieved much success in combating iodine deficiency disorders. Supplementation approaches should be guided by evidence of a need for targeting, impact potential, costs, and potential sustainability.