@article{900f57f8e57d4ff2a083231c5dcdf9d0,
title = "Stool microbiome reveals diverse bacterial ureases as confounders of oral urea breath testing for Helicobacter pylori and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Bamako, Mali",
abstract = "Detection of bacterial urease activity has been utilized successfully to diagnose Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). While Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) also possesses an active urease, it is unknown whether detection of mycobacterial urease activity by oral urease breath test (UBT) can be exploited as a rapid point of care biomarker for tuberculosis (TB) in humans. We enrolled 34 individuals newly diagnosed with pulmonary TB and 46 healthy subjects in Bamako, Mali and performed oral UBT, mycobacterial sputum culture and H. pylori testing. Oral UBT had a sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) of 70% (46-88%) and 11% (3-26%), respectively, to diagnose culture-confirmed M. tuberculosis disease among patients without H. pylori, and 100% sensitivity (69-100%) and 11% specificity (3-26%) to diagnose H. pylori among patients without pulmonary TB. Stool microbiome analysis of controls without TB or H. pylori but with positive oral UBT detected high levels of non-H. pylori urease producing organisms, which likely explains the low specificity of oral UBT in this setting and in other reports of oral UBT studies in Africa.",
keywords = "H. pylori, TB, oral urease breath test, urease",
author = "Mamoudou Maiga and Keira Cohen and Bocar Baya and Geetha Srikrishna and Sophia Siddiqui and Moumine Sanogo and Somboro, {Anou M.} and Bassirou Diarra and Diallo, {Mariam H.} and Varun Mazumdar and Christian Yoder and Susan Orsega and Michael Belson and Hamadoun Kassambara and Drissa Goita and Murphy, {Robert L.} and Sounkalo Dao and Michael Polis and Souleymane Diallo and Timmins, {Graham S.} and Lori Dodd and Earl, {Ashlee M.} and Bishai, {William R.}",
note = "Funding Information: The support of the NIAID Division of Clinical Research, NIH intramural funding to SEREFO, as well as NIH extramural grants AI36973, AI37856, AI097138 and AI069471, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, and the volunteers who participated in the study is gratefully acknowledged. This project has also been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHSN272200900018C and Grant Number U19AI110818 to the Broad Institute. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd.",
year = "2016",
month = aug,
day = "17",
doi = "10.1088/1752-7155/10/3/036012",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "10",
journal = "Journal of breath research",
issn = "1752-7155",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
number = "3",
}