@article{b5004a25d0544857a6504952570feafd,
title = "Specialized subpopulations of deep-layer pyramidal neurons in the neocortex: Bridging cellular properties to functional consequences",
abstract = "Neocortical pyramidal neurons with somata in layers 5 and 6 are among the most visually striking and enigmatic neurons in the brain. These deep-layer pyramidal neurons (DLPNs) integrate a plethora of cortical and extracortical synaptic inputs along their impressive dendritic arbors. The pattern of cortical output to both local and long-distance targets is sculpted by the unique physiological properties of specific DLPN subpopulations. Here we revisit two broad DLPN subpopulations: those that send their axons within the telencephalon (intratelencephalic neurons) and those that project to additional target areas outside the telencephalon (extratelencephalic neurons). While neuroscientists across many subdisciplines have characterized the intrinsic and synaptic physiological properties of DLPN subpopulations, our increasing ability to selectively target and manipulate these output neuron subtypes advances our understanding of their distinct functional contributions. This Viewpoints article summarizes our current knowledge about DLPNs and highlights recent work elucidating the functional differences between DLPN subpopulations.",
author = "Arielle Baker and Brian Kalmbach and Mieko Morishima and Juhyun Kim and Ashley Juavinett and Nuo Li and Nikolai Dembrow",
note = "Funding Information: Received March 9, 2018; revised May 9, 2018; accepted May 11, 2018. Author contributions: A.B. and N.D. designed research; A.B., B.K., M.M., J.K., A.J., N.L. and N.D. wrote the paper. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant NS044163 and VA-BLR&D Merit Review 821-MRNB-24218 to N.D., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI 15KT0013 to M.M., and Simons Collaboration on the Global Brain to A.J. N.L. was supported by the McNair Foundation, Whitehall Foundation, Sloan Foundation, National Institutes of Health Grant NS104781, and Searle Scholars Program. J.K. was supported by the National Institutes of Health Grant NS085121 and Target ALS. We thank Solange Brown, Allan Gulledge, Rebecca Hodge, and William Spain for discussions. B.K. thanks Allen Institute founder Paul G. Allen, for his vision, encouragement, and support. The authors declare no competing financial interests. CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoDr.NikolaiDembrow,DepartmentofPhysiologyandBiophysics,University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. E-mail: ndembrow@uw.edu. DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0150-18.2018 Copyright {\textcopyright} 2018 the authors 0270-6474/18/385441-15$15.00/0 Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 the authors.",
year = "2018",
month = jun,
day = "13",
doi = "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0150-18.2018",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "38",
pages = "5441--5455",
journal = "Journal of Neuroscience",
issn = "0270-6474",
publisher = "Society for Neuroscience",
number = "24",
}