TY - JOUR
T1 - Socio-economic status and puberty are the main factors determining anaemia in adolescent girls and boys in East Java, Indonesia
AU - Soekarjo, D. D.
AU - De Pee, S.
AU - Bloem, M. W.
AU - Tjiong, R.
AU - Yip, R.
AU - Schreurs, W. H.P.
AU - Muhilal, A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Objective: To determine prevalence and contributing factors of anaemia in adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional study of anaemia prevalence, socio-economic status and puberty. Setting: Schools in East Java, Indonesia. Subjects: Male and female adolescent pupils (age 12 – 15 y; n ¼ 6486). Results: Anaemia prevalence was 25.8% among girls (n ¼ 3486), 24.5% among pre-pubertal boys (n ¼ 821), and 12.1% among pubertal boys (n ¼ 2179). Socio-economic status, indicated by type of school attended, was an important factor determining the risk of anaemia. Girls had a higher risk when they attended a poor school (OR poorest school, 1.00; other schools, 0.67 – 0.87), had reached puberty (OR, 1.25), had lower retinol intake (OR 1st – 4th quartiles — 1.00, 0.97, 0.89, 0.77) and higher vitamin A intake from plant sources (OR 1st – 4th quartiles — 1.00, 1.10, 1.31, 1.04). Boys had a higher risk of anaemia when they attended a poor school (OR poorest school 1.00, other schools 0.54 – 0.63), were younger (OR per year ¼ 0.79), had not yet reached puberty (OR not yet, 1.00; already, 0.78), were shorter (OR per cm 0.95), had smaller mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) (OR per mm 0.99) and lower retinol intake (OR 1st – 4th quartile 1.00, 0.67, 0.74, 0.68). Conclusions: Anaemia in adolescents should be reported separately for pre-pubertal and pubertal subjects and for different ages, and the population’s socio-economic status should be specified. The results of this survey call for treatment of anaemia in adolescents. Given Indonesia’s current situation, micronutrient intake of adolescents should be increased using supplements for all girls and for pre-pubertal boys. Sponsorship: This survey was funded by USAID through the OMNI project. Descriptors: iron deficiency anaemia; adolescents; socio-economic status; puberty; Indonesia European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2001) 55, 932–939
Funding Information:
Acknowledgements —The authors are grateful to the Directorate General for Socio-political Affairs of the Internal Department for the permission to conduct this research, and to the Departments of Health and Education at all levels from central to district level for their cooperation. Special gratitude is extended to the schools, teachers and other staff, pupils and parents involved in the study. Without the hard work of the field workers under supervision of Dr Anas Machfud and Dr Sri Umijati, the data collection would not have been possible. This study was funded by USAID through the OMNI project.
Copyright:
Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - Objective: To determine prevalence and contributing factors of anaemia in adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional study of anaemia prevalence, socio-economic status and puberty. Setting: Schools in East Java, Indonesia. Subjects: Male and female adolescent pupils (age 12-15 y; n = 6486). Results: Anaemia prevalence was 25.8% among girls (n = 3486), 24.5% among pre-pubertal boys (n = 821), and 12.1% among pubertal boys (n = 2179). Socio-economic status, indicated by type of school attended, was an important factor determining the risk of anaemia. Girls had a higher risk when they attended a poor school (OR poorest school, 1.00; other schools, 0.67-0.87), had reached puberty (OR, 1.25), had lower retinol intake (OR 1st-4th quartiles-1.00, 0.97, 0.89, 0.77) and higher vitamin A intake from plant sources (OR 1st-4th quartiles-1.00, 1.10, 1.31, 1.04). Boys had a higher risk of anaemia when they attended a poor school (OR poorest school 1.00, other schools 0.54-0.63), were younger (OR per year=0.79), had not yet reached puberty (OR not yet, 1.00; already, 0.78), were shorter (OR per cm 0.95), had smaller mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) (OR per mm 0.99) and lower retinol intake (OR 1st-4th quartile 1.00, 0.67, 0.74, 0.68). Conclusions: Anaemia in adolescents should be reported separately for pre-pubertal and pubertal subjects and for different ages, and the population's socio-economic status should be specified. The results of this survey call for treatment of anaemia in adolescents. Given Indonesia's current situation, micronutrient intake of adolescents should be increased using supplements for all girls and for pre-pubertal boys.
AB - Objective: To determine prevalence and contributing factors of anaemia in adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional study of anaemia prevalence, socio-economic status and puberty. Setting: Schools in East Java, Indonesia. Subjects: Male and female adolescent pupils (age 12-15 y; n = 6486). Results: Anaemia prevalence was 25.8% among girls (n = 3486), 24.5% among pre-pubertal boys (n = 821), and 12.1% among pubertal boys (n = 2179). Socio-economic status, indicated by type of school attended, was an important factor determining the risk of anaemia. Girls had a higher risk when they attended a poor school (OR poorest school, 1.00; other schools, 0.67-0.87), had reached puberty (OR, 1.25), had lower retinol intake (OR 1st-4th quartiles-1.00, 0.97, 0.89, 0.77) and higher vitamin A intake from plant sources (OR 1st-4th quartiles-1.00, 1.10, 1.31, 1.04). Boys had a higher risk of anaemia when they attended a poor school (OR poorest school 1.00, other schools 0.54-0.63), were younger (OR per year=0.79), had not yet reached puberty (OR not yet, 1.00; already, 0.78), were shorter (OR per cm 0.95), had smaller mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) (OR per mm 0.99) and lower retinol intake (OR 1st-4th quartile 1.00, 0.67, 0.74, 0.68). Conclusions: Anaemia in adolescents should be reported separately for pre-pubertal and pubertal subjects and for different ages, and the population's socio-economic status should be specified. The results of this survey call for treatment of anaemia in adolescents. Given Indonesia's current situation, micronutrient intake of adolescents should be increased using supplements for all girls and for pre-pubertal boys.
KW - Adolescents
KW - Indonesia
KW - Iron deficiency anaemia
KW - Puberty
KW - Socio-economic status
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U2 - 10.1038/sj/ejcn/1601248
DO - 10.1038/sj/ejcn/1601248
M3 - Article
C2 - 11641741
AN - SCOPUS:0034761361
SN - 0954-3007
VL - 55
SP - 932
EP - 939
JO - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
IS - 11
ER -