TY - JOUR
T1 - Serum Cystatin C in the United States
T2 - The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)
AU - Köttgen, Anna
AU - Selvin, Elizabeth
AU - Stevens, Lesley A.
AU - Levey, Andrew S.
AU - Van Lente, Frederick
AU - Coresh, Josef
N1 - Funding Information:
Support: The project is funded by grants UO1 DK 053869, UO1 DK 067651, and UO1 DK 35073 from the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK). A.K. is supported by a German Research Foundation fellowship. E.S. is supported by NIH/NIDDK grant K01 DK076595. J.C. is partly supported by NIH/NCRR grant MO1 RR000052. The NIDDK had substantial involvement in the design of the study and the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, but was not required to approve publication of the finished manuscript.
PY - 2008/3
Y1 - 2008/3
N2 - Background: Serum cystatin C increasingly is used as a marker of glomerular filtration rate and cardiovascular risk. However, information for serum cystatin C levels in the general population, specifically across a wide age range and different ethnicities, is lacking. Objectives: To determine nationally representative serum cystatin C levels, estimate the prevalence of increased cystatin C levels in the general population, and identify factors associated with increased cystatin C levels. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting and Participants: A nationally representative subsample of 7,596 participants aged 12 years or older in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 1988-1994. Predictors: Age, sex, race/ethnicity, risk factors for chronic kidney disease. Outcomes: Continuous serum cystatin C levels and serum cystatin C level greater than 1.12 mg/L. Measurements: Cystatin C was measured in 2006 from stored sera by using an automated particle-enhanced nephelometric assay. Results: Overall median serum cystatin C level was 0.85 mg/L. Median cystatin C levels increased steeply with age and were greater in males and non-Hispanic white persons, even in a healthy subgroup of 20- to 39-year-olds. Prevalences of increased serum cystatin C levels (>1.12 mg/L) were 1%, 41%, and greater than 50% in all persons aged younger than 20 years, 60 years or older, and 80 years or older. In persons aged 60 years and older, older age, non-Hispanic white ethnicity, hypertension, current smoking, lower levels of education and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased body mass index, C-reactive protein, and triglyceride values were associated significantly with increased serum cystatin C levels. Limitations: No measured glomerular filtration rate, single measurement of cystatin C, cross-sectional study design. Conclusions: Serum cystatin C level is related to sex and ethnicity, even in young healthy individuals. The prevalence of increased cystatin C levels increases dramatically with age, reaching greater than 50% after the age of 80 years in both sexes and all ethnic groups.
AB - Background: Serum cystatin C increasingly is used as a marker of glomerular filtration rate and cardiovascular risk. However, information for serum cystatin C levels in the general population, specifically across a wide age range and different ethnicities, is lacking. Objectives: To determine nationally representative serum cystatin C levels, estimate the prevalence of increased cystatin C levels in the general population, and identify factors associated with increased cystatin C levels. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting and Participants: A nationally representative subsample of 7,596 participants aged 12 years or older in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 1988-1994. Predictors: Age, sex, race/ethnicity, risk factors for chronic kidney disease. Outcomes: Continuous serum cystatin C levels and serum cystatin C level greater than 1.12 mg/L. Measurements: Cystatin C was measured in 2006 from stored sera by using an automated particle-enhanced nephelometric assay. Results: Overall median serum cystatin C level was 0.85 mg/L. Median cystatin C levels increased steeply with age and were greater in males and non-Hispanic white persons, even in a healthy subgroup of 20- to 39-year-olds. Prevalences of increased serum cystatin C levels (>1.12 mg/L) were 1%, 41%, and greater than 50% in all persons aged younger than 20 years, 60 years or older, and 80 years or older. In persons aged 60 years and older, older age, non-Hispanic white ethnicity, hypertension, current smoking, lower levels of education and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased body mass index, C-reactive protein, and triglyceride values were associated significantly with increased serum cystatin C levels. Limitations: No measured glomerular filtration rate, single measurement of cystatin C, cross-sectional study design. Conclusions: Serum cystatin C level is related to sex and ethnicity, even in young healthy individuals. The prevalence of increased cystatin C levels increases dramatically with age, reaching greater than 50% after the age of 80 years in both sexes and all ethnic groups.
KW - Cystatin C levels
KW - NHANES III
KW - US population
KW - glomerular filtration rate (GFR)-estimating equations
KW - predictors
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U2 - 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.11.019
DO - 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.11.019
M3 - Article
C2 - 18295054
AN - SCOPUS:39449136475
SN - 0272-6386
VL - 51
SP - 385
EP - 394
JO - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
JF - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
IS - 3
ER -