Seeing’ strain in soft materials

Zhiyong Xia; Vanessa D. Alphonse; Doug B. Trigg; Tim P. Harrigan; Jeff M. Paulson; Quang T. Luong; Evan P. Lloyd; Meredith H. Barbee; Stephen L. Craig

doi:10.3390/molecules24030542

Seeing’ strain in soft materials

Zhiyong Xia, Vanessa D. Alphonse, Doug B. Trigg, Tim P. Harrigan, Jeff M. Paulson, Quang T. Luong, Evan P. Lloyd, Meredith H. Barbee, Stephen L. Craig

School of Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

16 Scopus citations

Abstract

Several technologies can be used for measuring strains of soft materials under high rate impact conditions. These technologies include high speed tensile test, split Hopkinson pressure bar test, digital image correlation and high speed X-ray imaging. However, none of these existing technologies can produce a continuous 3D spatial strain distribution in the test specimen. Here we report a novel passive strain sensor based on poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) elastomer with covalently incorporated spiropyran (SP) mechanophore to measure impact induced strains. We have shown that the incorporation of SP into PDMS at 0.25 wt% level can adequately measure impact strains via color change under a high strain rate of 1500 s⁻¹ within a fraction of a millisecond. Further, the color change is fully reversible and thus can be used repeatedly. This technology has a high potential to be used for quantifying brain strain for traumatic brain injury applications.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	542
Journal	Molecules
Volume	24
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030542
State	Published - Feb 1 2019

Keywords

Impact strain
Mechanophore
Poly(dimethyl siloxane)
Spiropyran
Strain sensing

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Analytical Chemistry
Chemistry (miscellaneous)
Molecular Medicine
Pharmaceutical Science
Drug Discovery
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Organic Chemistry

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10.3390/molecules24030542

Cite this

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title = "Seeing{\textquoteright} strain in soft materials",

abstract = "Several technologies can be used for measuring strains of soft materials under high rate impact conditions. These technologies include high speed tensile test, split Hopkinson pressure bar test, digital image correlation and high speed X-ray imaging. However, none of these existing technologies can produce a continuous 3D spatial strain distribution in the test specimen. Here we report a novel passive strain sensor based on poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) elastomer with covalently incorporated spiropyran (SP) mechanophore to measure impact induced strains. We have shown that the incorporation of SP into PDMS at 0.25 wt% level can adequately measure impact strains via color change under a high strain rate of 1500 s−1 within a fraction of a millisecond. Further, the color change is fully reversible and thus can be used repeatedly. This technology has a high potential to be used for quantifying brain strain for traumatic brain injury applications.",

keywords = "Impact strain, Mechanophore, Poly(dimethyl siloxane), Spiropyran, Strain sensing",

author = "Zhiyong Xia and Alphonse, {Vanessa D.} and Trigg, {Doug B.} and Harrigan, {Tim P.} and Paulson, {Jeff M.} and Luong, {Quang T.} and Lloyd, {Evan P.} and Barbee, {Meredith H.} and Craig, {Stephen L.}",

note = "Funding Information: Funding: This research was supported by the Independent Research and Development Fund (IRAD) from the National Health Mission Area of the Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory. The SP synthesis was partially funded by the US Army Research Laboratory and the Army Research Office under Grant W911NF-15-0143 to S.L.C. Funding Information: This research was supported by the Independent Research and Development Fund (IRAD) from the National Health Mission Area of the Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory. The SP synthesis was partially funded by the US Army Research Laboratory and the Army Research Office under Grant W911NF-15-0143 to S.L.C. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 by the authors.",

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AU - Lloyd, Evan P.

AU - Barbee, Meredith H.

AU - Craig, Stephen L.

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N2 - Several technologies can be used for measuring strains of soft materials under high rate impact conditions. These technologies include high speed tensile test, split Hopkinson pressure bar test, digital image correlation and high speed X-ray imaging. However, none of these existing technologies can produce a continuous 3D spatial strain distribution in the test specimen. Here we report a novel passive strain sensor based on poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) elastomer with covalently incorporated spiropyran (SP) mechanophore to measure impact induced strains. We have shown that the incorporation of SP into PDMS at 0.25 wt% level can adequately measure impact strains via color change under a high strain rate of 1500 s−1 within a fraction of a millisecond. Further, the color change is fully reversible and thus can be used repeatedly. This technology has a high potential to be used for quantifying brain strain for traumatic brain injury applications.

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Seeing’ strain in soft materials

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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