TY - JOUR
T1 - Seed localization in ultrasound and registration to C-arm fluoroscopy using matched needle tracks for prostate brachytherapy
AU - Moradi, Mehdi
AU - Mahdavi, S. Sara
AU - Dehghan, Ehsan
AU - Lobo, Julio R.
AU - Deshmukh, Sanchit
AU - Morris, William James
AU - Fichtinger, Gabor
AU - Salcudean, Septimiu E.
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - We propose a novel fiducial-free approach for the registration of C-arm fluoroscopy to 3-D ultrasound images of prostate brachytherapy implants to enable dosimetry. The approach involves the reliable detection of a subset of radioactive seeds from 3-D ultrasound, and the use of needle tracks in both ultrasound and fluoroscopy for registration. Seed detection in ultrasound is achieved through template matching in 3-D radio frequency ultrasound signals, followed by thresholding and spatial filtering. The resulting subset of seeds is registered to the complete reconstruction of the brachytherapy implant from multiple C-arm fluoroscopy views. To compensate for the deformation caused by the ultrasound probe, simulated warping is applied to the seed cloud from fluoroscopy. The magnitude of the applied warping is optimized within the registration process. The registration is performed in two stages. First, the needle track projections from fluoroscopy and ultrasound are matched. Only the seeds in the matched needles are then used as fiducials for point-based registration. We report results from a physical phantom with a realistic implant (average postregistration seed distance of 1.6 ± 1.2mm) and from five clinical patient datasets (average error: 2.8 ± 1.5mm over 128 detected seeds). We conclude that it is feasible to use RF ultrasound data, template matching, and spatial filtering to detect a reliable subset of brachytherapy seeds from ultrasound to enable registration to fluoroscopy for dosimetry.
AB - We propose a novel fiducial-free approach for the registration of C-arm fluoroscopy to 3-D ultrasound images of prostate brachytherapy implants to enable dosimetry. The approach involves the reliable detection of a subset of radioactive seeds from 3-D ultrasound, and the use of needle tracks in both ultrasound and fluoroscopy for registration. Seed detection in ultrasound is achieved through template matching in 3-D radio frequency ultrasound signals, followed by thresholding and spatial filtering. The resulting subset of seeds is registered to the complete reconstruction of the brachytherapy implant from multiple C-arm fluoroscopy views. To compensate for the deformation caused by the ultrasound probe, simulated warping is applied to the seed cloud from fluoroscopy. The magnitude of the applied warping is optimized within the registration process. The registration is performed in two stages. First, the needle track projections from fluoroscopy and ultrasound are matched. Only the seeds in the matched needles are then used as fiducials for point-based registration. We report results from a physical phantom with a realistic implant (average postregistration seed distance of 1.6 ± 1.2mm) and from five clinical patient datasets (average error: 2.8 ± 1.5mm over 128 detected seeds). We conclude that it is feasible to use RF ultrasound data, template matching, and spatial filtering to detect a reliable subset of brachytherapy seeds from ultrasound to enable registration to fluoroscopy for dosimetry.
KW - Prostate brachytherapy
KW - template matching
KW - ultrasound imaging
KW - X-ray fluoroscopy
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U2 - 10.1109/TBME.2012.2206808
DO - 10.1109/TBME.2012.2206808
M3 - Article
C2 - 22759435
AN - SCOPUS:84865461273
VL - 59
SP - 2558
EP - 2567
JO - IRE transactions on medical electronics
JF - IRE transactions on medical electronics
SN - 0018-9294
IS - 9
M1 - 6228521
ER -