Secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal bone disease: A growing problem in the older adult

The population of persons with end-stage renal disease is increasing in the U.S. There are more than 20 million Americans with chronic kidney disease (CKD), with 300,000 people on hemodialysis. The average age of the patient undergoing dialysis in the U.S. has been steadily increasing over the last several decades and will likely increase as the population continues to age. Among the common complications seen in persons with CKD, particularly in those on long-term hemodialysis, is secondary hyperparathyroidism. This CME article addresses the pathophysiology of secondary hyperparathyroidism and current approaches to its management and possible prevention.