TY - JOUR
T1 - SARC-F
T2 - A symptom score to predict persons with sarcopenia at risk for poor functional outcomes
AU - Malmstrom, Theodore K.
AU - Miller, Douglas K.
AU - Simonsick, Eleanor M.
AU - Ferrucci, Luigi
AU - Morley, John E.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2016/3/1
Y1 - 2016/3/1
N2 - Background: A brief, inexpensive screening test for sarcopenia would be helpful for clinicians and their patients. To screen for persons with sarcopenia, we developed a simple five-item questionnaire (SARC-F) based on cardinal features or consequences of sarcopenia. Methods: We investigated the utility of SARC-F in the African American Health (AAH) study, Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Internal consistency reliability for SARC-F was determined using Cronbach's alpha. We evaluated SARC-F factorial validity using principal components analysis and criterion validity by examining its association with exam-based indicators of sarcopenia. Construct validity was examined using cross-sectional and longitudinal differences among those with high (≥4) vs. low (<4) SARC-F scores for mortality and health outcomes. Results: SARC-F exhibited good internal consistency reliability and factorial, criterion, and construct validity. AAH participants with SARC-F scores≥4 had more Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) deficits, slower chair stand times, lower grip strength, lower short physical performance battery scores, and a higher likelihood of recent hospitalization and of having a gait speed of <0.8m/s. SARC-F scores≥4 in AAH also were associated with 6year IADL deficits, slower chair stand times, lower short physical performance battery scores, having a gait speed of <0.8m/s, being hospitalized recently, and mortality. SARC-F scores≥4 in the BLSA cohort were associated with having more IADL deficits and lower grip strength (both hands) in cross-sectional comparisons and with IADL deficits, lower grip strength (both hands), and mortality at follow-up. NHANES participants with SARC-F scores≥4 had slower 20ft walk times, had lower peak force knee extensor strength, and were more likely to have been hospitalized recently in cross-sectional analyses. Conclusions: The SARC-F proved internally consistent and valid for detecting persons at risk for adverse outcomes from sarcopenia in AAH, BLSA, and NHANES.
AB - Background: A brief, inexpensive screening test for sarcopenia would be helpful for clinicians and their patients. To screen for persons with sarcopenia, we developed a simple five-item questionnaire (SARC-F) based on cardinal features or consequences of sarcopenia. Methods: We investigated the utility of SARC-F in the African American Health (AAH) study, Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Internal consistency reliability for SARC-F was determined using Cronbach's alpha. We evaluated SARC-F factorial validity using principal components analysis and criterion validity by examining its association with exam-based indicators of sarcopenia. Construct validity was examined using cross-sectional and longitudinal differences among those with high (≥4) vs. low (<4) SARC-F scores for mortality and health outcomes. Results: SARC-F exhibited good internal consistency reliability and factorial, criterion, and construct validity. AAH participants with SARC-F scores≥4 had more Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) deficits, slower chair stand times, lower grip strength, lower short physical performance battery scores, and a higher likelihood of recent hospitalization and of having a gait speed of <0.8m/s. SARC-F scores≥4 in AAH also were associated with 6year IADL deficits, slower chair stand times, lower short physical performance battery scores, having a gait speed of <0.8m/s, being hospitalized recently, and mortality. SARC-F scores≥4 in the BLSA cohort were associated with having more IADL deficits and lower grip strength (both hands) in cross-sectional comparisons and with IADL deficits, lower grip strength (both hands), and mortality at follow-up. NHANES participants with SARC-F scores≥4 had slower 20ft walk times, had lower peak force knee extensor strength, and were more likely to have been hospitalized recently in cross-sectional analyses. Conclusions: The SARC-F proved internally consistent and valid for detecting persons at risk for adverse outcomes from sarcopenia in AAH, BLSA, and NHANES.
KW - Function
KW - Mobility
KW - Sarcopenia
KW - Screening
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U2 - 10.1002/jcsm.12048
DO - 10.1002/jcsm.12048
M3 - Article
C2 - 27066316
AN - SCOPUS:84957729540
SN - 2190-5991
VL - 7
SP - 28
EP - 36
JO - Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
JF - Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
IS - 1
ER -