TY - JOUR
T1 - Rubella
AU - Winter, Amy K.
AU - Moss, William J.
N1 - Funding Information:
AKW receives funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. AKW is a member of the Vaccine Impact Modelling Consortium. The views expressed in this Seminar reflect those of the author and are not necessarily those of the Vaccine Impact Modelling Consortium. WJM was a member of WHO's Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization Working Group on Measles and Rubella from 2011 to 2018 and is currently a member of the WHO Measles-containing vaccine Microarray patches Product Development Working Group. The views expressed in this Seminar reflect those of the author and are not necessarily those of WHO or the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization Working Group on Measles and Rubella.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/4/2
Y1 - 2022/4/2
N2 - Rubella is an acute illness caused by rubella virus and characterised by fever and rash. Although rubella is a clinically mild illness, primary rubella virus infection in early pregnancy can result in congenital rubella syndrome, which has serious medical and public health consequences. WHO estimates that approximately 100 000 congenital rubella syndrome cases occur per year. Rubella virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and direct contact. 25–50% of people infected with rubella virus are asymptomatic. Clinical disease often results in mild, self-limited illness characterised by fever, a generalised erythematous maculopapular rash, and lymphadenopathy. Complications include arthralgia, arthritis, thrombocytopenic purpura, and encephalitis. Common presenting signs and symptoms of congenital rubella syndrome include cataracts, sensorineural hearing impairment, congenital heart disease, jaundice, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, and microcephaly. Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome can be prevented by rubella-containing vaccines, which are commonly administered in combination with measles vaccine. Although global rubella vaccine coverage reached only 70% in 2020 global rubella eradiation remains an ambitious but achievable goal.
AB - Rubella is an acute illness caused by rubella virus and characterised by fever and rash. Although rubella is a clinically mild illness, primary rubella virus infection in early pregnancy can result in congenital rubella syndrome, which has serious medical and public health consequences. WHO estimates that approximately 100 000 congenital rubella syndrome cases occur per year. Rubella virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and direct contact. 25–50% of people infected with rubella virus are asymptomatic. Clinical disease often results in mild, self-limited illness characterised by fever, a generalised erythematous maculopapular rash, and lymphadenopathy. Complications include arthralgia, arthritis, thrombocytopenic purpura, and encephalitis. Common presenting signs and symptoms of congenital rubella syndrome include cataracts, sensorineural hearing impairment, congenital heart disease, jaundice, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, and microcephaly. Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome can be prevented by rubella-containing vaccines, which are commonly administered in combination with measles vaccine. Although global rubella vaccine coverage reached only 70% in 2020 global rubella eradiation remains an ambitious but achievable goal.
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U2 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02691-X
DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02691-X
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35367004
AN - SCOPUS:85127270894
SN - 0140-6736
VL - 399
SP - 1336
EP - 1346
JO - The Lancet
JF - The Lancet
IS - 10332
ER -