TY - JOUR
T1 - Role of the Elementary School Cafeteria Environment in Fruit, Vegetable, and Whole-Grain Consumption by 6- to 8-Year-Old Students
AU - Gross, Susan M.
AU - Biehl, Erin
AU - Marshall, Beth
AU - Paige, David M.
AU - Mmari, Kristin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior
PY - 2019/1
Y1 - 2019/1
N2 - Objective: Examine how the physical cafeteria environment contributes to 6- to 8-year-olds’ school food consumption. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Before-and-after lunch tray photos taken with iPads to capture food selection and consumption. Setting: 10 New York City public elementary school cafeterias. Participants: A total of 382 students aged 6–8 years who ate lunch in the cafeteria on observation days. Main Outcome Measures: Fruit, vegetable, or whole-grain consumption. Analysis: Pearson's chi-square and multivariate logistic regression assessed associations between cafeteria environmental factors (time to eat lunch, noise, and crowding) and vegetable, fruit, and/or whole-grain consumption with 95% confidence, adjusted for school-level demographics and clustered by school. Results: Approximately 70% of students selected fruits, vegetables, and/or whole grains. When selected, consumption was 25%, 43%, and 57%, respectively. Longer time to eat lunch was associated with higher consumption of fruits (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–3.8; P =.02) and whole grains (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.003–4.2; P <.05). Quieter cafeterias were associated with eating more vegetables (OR = 3.9; 95% CI, 1.8–8.4; P <.001) and whole grains (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 2.6–4.7; P <.001). Less crowding was associated with eating more fruit (OR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.03–5.3; P =.04) and whole grains (OR = 3.3; 95% CI, 1.9–5.6; P <.001). Conclusions and Implications: Healthy food consumption by 6- to 8-year-old students is associated with cafeteria crowding, noise, and time to eat lunch. Implementing and enforcing changes to the cafeteria environment mandated by wellness policies may reduce plate waste.
AB - Objective: Examine how the physical cafeteria environment contributes to 6- to 8-year-olds’ school food consumption. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Before-and-after lunch tray photos taken with iPads to capture food selection and consumption. Setting: 10 New York City public elementary school cafeterias. Participants: A total of 382 students aged 6–8 years who ate lunch in the cafeteria on observation days. Main Outcome Measures: Fruit, vegetable, or whole-grain consumption. Analysis: Pearson's chi-square and multivariate logistic regression assessed associations between cafeteria environmental factors (time to eat lunch, noise, and crowding) and vegetable, fruit, and/or whole-grain consumption with 95% confidence, adjusted for school-level demographics and clustered by school. Results: Approximately 70% of students selected fruits, vegetables, and/or whole grains. When selected, consumption was 25%, 43%, and 57%, respectively. Longer time to eat lunch was associated with higher consumption of fruits (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–3.8; P =.02) and whole grains (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.003–4.2; P <.05). Quieter cafeterias were associated with eating more vegetables (OR = 3.9; 95% CI, 1.8–8.4; P <.001) and whole grains (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 2.6–4.7; P <.001). Less crowding was associated with eating more fruit (OR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.03–5.3; P =.04) and whole grains (OR = 3.3; 95% CI, 1.9–5.6; P <.001). Conclusions and Implications: Healthy food consumption by 6- to 8-year-old students is associated with cafeteria crowding, noise, and time to eat lunch. Implementing and enforcing changes to the cafeteria environment mandated by wellness policies may reduce plate waste.
KW - Cafeteria environment
KW - child nutrition
KW - school lunch
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.07.002
DO - 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.07.002
M3 - Article
C2 - 30150169
AN - SCOPUS:85054396191
SN - 1499-4046
VL - 51
SP - 41
EP - 47
JO - Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior
JF - Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior
IS - 1
ER -