TY - JOUR
T1 - Role of fruits, grains, and seafood consumption in blood cadmium concentrations of Jamaican children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
AU - Rahbar, Mohammad H.
AU - Samms-Vaughan, Maureen
AU - Dickerson, Aisha S.
AU - Loveland, Katherine A.
AU - Ardjomand-Hessabi, Manouchehr
AU - Bressler, Jan
AU - Lee, Minjae
AU - Shakespeare-Pellington, Sydonnie
AU - Grove, Megan L.
AU - Pearson, Deborah A.
AU - Boerwinkle, Eric
N1 - Funding Information:
This research is co-funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center (NIH-FIC) by a grant [ R21HD057808 ] as well as National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) by a grant [ R01ES022165 ] awarded to University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. We also acknowledge the support provided by the Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) component of the Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS) for this project. CCTS is mainly funded by the NIH Centers for Translational Science Award (NIH CTSA) grant (UL1 RR024148), awarded to University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston in 2006 by the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) and its renewal (UL1 TR000371) by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NICHD or the NIH-FIC or NIEHS or the NCRR or the NCATS. Finally, we acknowledge contributions by colleagues in the Trace Metals Lab at MDCH for analyzing and storing the blood samples for cadmium concentrations.
PY - 2014/9
Y1 - 2014/9
N2 - Human exposure to cadmium has adverse effects on the nervous system. Utilizing data from 110 age- and sex-matched case-control pairs (220 children) ages 2-8 years in Kingston, Jamaica, we compared the 75th percentile of blood cadmium concentrations in children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In both univariable and multivariable Quantile Regression Models that controlled for potential confounding factors, we did not find any significant differences between ASD cases and typically developing (TD) controls with respect to the 75th percentile of blood cadmium concentrations (P > 0.22). However, we found a significantly higher 75th percentile of blood cadmium concentrations in TD Jamaican children who consumed shellfish (lobsters, crabs) (P < 0.05), fried plantain (P < 0.01), and boiled dumpling (P < 0.01). We also observed that children living in Jamaica have an arithmetic mean blood cadmium concentration of 0.16 μg/L which is similar to that of the children in developed countries and much lower than that of children in developing countries. Although our results do not support an association between blood cadmium concentrations and ASD, to our knowledge, this study is the first to report levels of blood cadmium in TD children as well as those with ASD in Jamaica.
AB - Human exposure to cadmium has adverse effects on the nervous system. Utilizing data from 110 age- and sex-matched case-control pairs (220 children) ages 2-8 years in Kingston, Jamaica, we compared the 75th percentile of blood cadmium concentrations in children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In both univariable and multivariable Quantile Regression Models that controlled for potential confounding factors, we did not find any significant differences between ASD cases and typically developing (TD) controls with respect to the 75th percentile of blood cadmium concentrations (P > 0.22). However, we found a significantly higher 75th percentile of blood cadmium concentrations in TD Jamaican children who consumed shellfish (lobsters, crabs) (P < 0.05), fried plantain (P < 0.01), and boiled dumpling (P < 0.01). We also observed that children living in Jamaica have an arithmetic mean blood cadmium concentration of 0.16 μg/L which is similar to that of the children in developed countries and much lower than that of children in developing countries. Although our results do not support an association between blood cadmium concentrations and ASD, to our knowledge, this study is the first to report levels of blood cadmium in TD children as well as those with ASD in Jamaica.
KW - Autism Spectrum Disorder
KW - Cadmium
KW - Fruits
KW - Grains
KW - Jamaica
KW - Seafood
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U2 - 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.06.002
DO - 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.06.002
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84903316089
SN - 1750-9467
VL - 8
SP - 1134
EP - 1145
JO - Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders
JF - Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders
IS - 9
ER -