TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage
AU - Qureshi, Adnan I.
AU - Suri, M. Fareed K.
AU - Yahia, Abutaher M.
AU - Suarez, Jose I.
AU - Guterman, Lee R.
AU - Hopkins, L. Nelson
AU - Tamargo, Rafael J.
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking has been demonstrated to increase the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Whether cessation of smoking decreases this risk remains unclear. We performed a case-control study to examine the effect of smoking and other known risk factors for cerebrovascular disease on the risk of SAH. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of all patients with a diagnosis of SAH (n = 323) admitted to Johns Hopkins Hospital between January 1990 and June 1997. Controls matched for age, sex, and ethnicity (n = 969) were selected from a nationally representative sample of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We determined the independent association between smoking (current and previous) and various cerebrovascular risk factors and SAH by use of multivariate logistic regression analysis. A separate analysis was performed to determine associated risk factors for aneurysmal SAH. RESULTS: Of 323 patients admitted with SAH (mean age, 52.7 ± 14 yr; 93 were men), 173 (54%) were hypertensive, 149 (46%) were currently smoking, and 125 (39%) were previous smokers. In the multivariate analysis, both previous smoking (odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 3.1-6.5) and current smoking (OR, 5.2; 95% Cl, 3.6-7.5) were significantly associated with SAH. Hypertension was also significantly associated with SAH (OR, 2.4; 95% Cl, 1.8-3.1). The risk factors for 290 patients with aneurysmal SAH were similar and included hypertension (OR, 2.4; 95% Cl, 1.8-3.2), previous smoking (OR, 4.1; 95% Cl, 2.7-6.0), and current smoking (OR, 5.4; 95% Cl, 3.7-7.8). CONCLUSION: Hypertension and cigarette smoking increase the risk for development of SAH, as found in previous studies. However, the increased risk persists even after cessation of cigarette smoking, which suggests the importance of early abstinence from smoking.
AB - OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking has been demonstrated to increase the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Whether cessation of smoking decreases this risk remains unclear. We performed a case-control study to examine the effect of smoking and other known risk factors for cerebrovascular disease on the risk of SAH. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of all patients with a diagnosis of SAH (n = 323) admitted to Johns Hopkins Hospital between January 1990 and June 1997. Controls matched for age, sex, and ethnicity (n = 969) were selected from a nationally representative sample of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We determined the independent association between smoking (current and previous) and various cerebrovascular risk factors and SAH by use of multivariate logistic regression analysis. A separate analysis was performed to determine associated risk factors for aneurysmal SAH. RESULTS: Of 323 patients admitted with SAH (mean age, 52.7 ± 14 yr; 93 were men), 173 (54%) were hypertensive, 149 (46%) were currently smoking, and 125 (39%) were previous smokers. In the multivariate analysis, both previous smoking (odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 3.1-6.5) and current smoking (OR, 5.2; 95% Cl, 3.6-7.5) were significantly associated with SAH. Hypertension was also significantly associated with SAH (OR, 2.4; 95% Cl, 1.8-3.1). The risk factors for 290 patients with aneurysmal SAH were similar and included hypertension (OR, 2.4; 95% Cl, 1.8-3.2), previous smoking (OR, 4.1; 95% Cl, 2.7-6.0), and current smoking (OR, 5.4; 95% Cl, 3.7-7.8). CONCLUSION: Hypertension and cigarette smoking increase the risk for development of SAH, as found in previous studies. However, the increased risk persists even after cessation of cigarette smoking, which suggests the importance of early abstinence from smoking.
KW - Alcohol use
KW - Case control
KW - Hypertension
KW - National Survey
KW - Risk factors
KW - Smoking
KW - Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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U2 - 10.1097/00006123-200109000-00014
DO - 10.1097/00006123-200109000-00014
M3 - Article
C2 - 11523670
AN - SCOPUS:0034882296
SN - 0148-396X
VL - 49
SP - 607
EP - 613
JO - Neurosurgery
JF - Neurosurgery
IS - 3
ER -