TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk Factors for Rapid Kidney Function Decline Among African Americans
T2 - The Jackson Heart Study (JHS)
AU - Young, Bessie A.
AU - Katz, Ronit
AU - Boulware, L. Ebony
AU - Kestenbaum, Bryan
AU - de Boer, Ian H.
AU - Wang, Wei
AU - Fülöp, Tibor
AU - Bansal, Nisha
AU - Robinson-Cohen, Cassianne
AU - Griswold, Michael
AU - Powe, Neil R.
AU - Himmelfarb, Jonathan
AU - Correa, Adolfo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016
PY - 2016/8/1
Y1 - 2016/8/1
N2 - Background Racial differences in rapid kidney function decline exist, but less is known regarding factors associated with rapid decline among African Americans. Greater understanding of potentially modifiable risk factors for early kidney function loss may help reduce the burden of kidney failure in this high-risk population. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants 3,653 African American participants enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) with kidney function data from 2 of 3 examinations (2000-2004 and 2009-2013). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from serum creatinine using the CKD-EPI creatinine equation. Predictors Demographics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and clinical risk factors for kidney failure. Outcomes Rapid decline was defined as a ≥30% decline in eGFR during follow-up. We quantified the association of risk factors with rapid decline in multivariable models. Measurements Clinical (systolic blood pressure and albuminuria [albumin-creatinine ratio]) and modifiable risk factors. Results Mean age was 54 ± 12 (SD) years, 37% were men, average body mass index was 31.8 ± 7.1 kg/m2, 19% had diabetes mellitus (DM), and mean eGFR was 96.0 ± 20 mL/min/1.73 m2 with an annual rate of decline of 1.27 mL/min/1.73 m2. Those with rapid decline (11.5%) were older, were more likely to be of low/middle income, and had higher systolic blood pressures and greater DM than those with nonrapid decline. Factors associated with ≥30% decline were older age (adjusted OR per 10 years older, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.34-1.71), cardiovascular disease (adjusted OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12-2.10), higher systolic blood pressure (adjusted OR per 17 mm Hg greater, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.06-1.41), DM (adjusted OR, 2.63; 95% CI, 2.02-3.41), smoking (adjusted OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.10-2.31), and albumin-creatinine ratio > 30 mg/g (adjusted OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.08-1.21). Conversely, results did not support associations of waist circumference, C-reactive protein level, and physical activity with rapid decline. Limitations No midstudy creatinine measurement at examination 2 (2005-2008). Conclusions Rapid decline heterogeneity exists among African Americans in JHS. Interventions targeting potentially modifiable factors may help reduce the incidence of kidney failure.
AB - Background Racial differences in rapid kidney function decline exist, but less is known regarding factors associated with rapid decline among African Americans. Greater understanding of potentially modifiable risk factors for early kidney function loss may help reduce the burden of kidney failure in this high-risk population. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants 3,653 African American participants enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) with kidney function data from 2 of 3 examinations (2000-2004 and 2009-2013). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from serum creatinine using the CKD-EPI creatinine equation. Predictors Demographics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and clinical risk factors for kidney failure. Outcomes Rapid decline was defined as a ≥30% decline in eGFR during follow-up. We quantified the association of risk factors with rapid decline in multivariable models. Measurements Clinical (systolic blood pressure and albuminuria [albumin-creatinine ratio]) and modifiable risk factors. Results Mean age was 54 ± 12 (SD) years, 37% were men, average body mass index was 31.8 ± 7.1 kg/m2, 19% had diabetes mellitus (DM), and mean eGFR was 96.0 ± 20 mL/min/1.73 m2 with an annual rate of decline of 1.27 mL/min/1.73 m2. Those with rapid decline (11.5%) were older, were more likely to be of low/middle income, and had higher systolic blood pressures and greater DM than those with nonrapid decline. Factors associated with ≥30% decline were older age (adjusted OR per 10 years older, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.34-1.71), cardiovascular disease (adjusted OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12-2.10), higher systolic blood pressure (adjusted OR per 17 mm Hg greater, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.06-1.41), DM (adjusted OR, 2.63; 95% CI, 2.02-3.41), smoking (adjusted OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.10-2.31), and albumin-creatinine ratio > 30 mg/g (adjusted OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.08-1.21). Conversely, results did not support associations of waist circumference, C-reactive protein level, and physical activity with rapid decline. Limitations No midstudy creatinine measurement at examination 2 (2005-2008). Conclusions Rapid decline heterogeneity exists among African Americans in JHS. Interventions targeting potentially modifiable factors may help reduce the incidence of kidney failure.
KW - African American
KW - Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
KW - Jackson Heart Study (JHS)
KW - disease trajectory
KW - estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
KW - ethnic differences
KW - kidney disease progression
KW - rapid kidney function decline
KW - renal failure
KW - risk factor
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U2 - 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.02.046
DO - 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.02.046
M3 - Article
C2 - 27066930
AN - SCOPUS:84963595152
SN - 0272-6386
VL - 68
SP - 229
EP - 239
JO - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
JF - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
IS - 2
ER -