Risk factors and effectiveness of preventive measures against influenza in the community

Jesús Castilla; Pere Godoy; Ángela Domínguez; Vicente Martín; Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez; Iván Martínez-Baz; Maretva Baricot; Nuria Soldevila; José M. Mayoral; Jenaro Astray; José M. Quintana; Rafael Cantón; Ady Castro; Fernando González-Candelas; Jordi Alonso; Marc Saez; Sonia Tamames; Tomás Pumarola; E. Azor; J. Carrillo; R. Moyano; J. A. Navarro; M. Vázquez; F. Zafra; M. A. Bueno; M. L. Gómez; M. Mariscal; B. Martínez; J. P. Quesada; M. Sillero; M. Carnero; J. Fernández-Crehuet; J. del Diego Salas; V. Fuentes; V. Gallardo; E. Pérez; R. López; J. R. Maldonado; A. Morillo; J. M. Navarro; M. Pérez; S. Oña; M. J. Pérez; M. C. Ubago; M. Zarzuela; J. Blanquer; M. Morales; D. Carriedo; F. Díez; I. Fernández; S. Fernández; M. P. Sanz; J. J. Castrodeza; A. Pérez; R. Ortiz de Lejarazu; J. Ortiz; A. Pueyo; J. L. Viejo; P. Redondo; A. Molina; A. Agustí; A. Torres; A. Trilla; A. Vilella; F. Barbé; L. Blanch; G. Navarro; X. Bonfill; J. López-Contreras; V. Pomar; M. T. Puig; E. Borràs; V. Martínez; N. Torner; C. Bravo; F. Moraga; F. Calafell; J. Caylà; C. Tortajada; I. Garcia; J. Ruiz; J. J. García; O. Garín; J. Gea; J. P. Horcajada; N. Hayes; A. Rosell; C. A. Álvarez; M. Enríquez; F. Pozo; F. Baquero; J. C. Galán; A. Robustillo; M. Valdeón; E. Córdoba; F. Dominguez; J. García; R. Génova; Elisa Gil; S. Jiménez; M. A. Lopaz; J. López; F. Martín; M. L. Martínez; M. Ordobá s; E. Rodriguez; S. Sánchez; C. Valdés; J. R. Paño; M. Romero; A. Martinez; L. Martínez; V. Martínez-Artola; M. Ruiz; P. Fanlo; F. Gil; M. E. Ursua; M. Sota; M. T. Virto; J. Gamboa; F. Pérez-Afonso; U. Aguirre; A. Caspelastegui; P. P. España; S. García; J. M. Antoñana; I. Astigarraga; J. I. Pijoan; I. Pocheville; M. Santiago; J. I. Villate; J. Arístegui; A. Escobar; M. I. Garrote; A. Bilbao; C. Garaizar; G. Cilla; J. Korta; E. Pérez Trallero; C. Sarasqueta; F. Esteban; C. Salado; J. L. Lobo; J. Alustizac

doi:10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00361.x

Risk factors and effectiveness of preventive measures against influenza in the community

Jesús Castilla, Pere Godoy, Ángela Domínguez, Vicente Martín, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez, Iván Martínez-Baz, Maretva Baricot, Nuria Soldevila, José M. Mayoral, Jenaro Astray, José M. Quintana, Rafael Cantón, Ady Castro, Fernando González-Candelas, Jordi Alonso, Marc Saez, Sonia Tamames, Tomás Pumarola, E. Azor, J. CarrilloR. Moyano, J. A. Navarro, M. Vázquez, F. Zafra, M. A. Bueno, M. L. Gómez, M. Mariscal, B. Martínez, J. P. Quesada, M. Sillero, M. Carnero, J. Fernández-Crehuet, J. del Diego Salas, V. Fuentes, V. Gallardo, E. Pérez, R. López, J. R. Maldonado, A. Morillo, J. M. Navarro, M. Pérez, S. Oña, M. J. Pérez, M. C. Ubago, M. Zarzuela, J. Blanquer, M. Morales, D. Carriedo, F. Díez, I. Fernández, S. Fernández, M. P. Sanz, J. J. Castrodeza, A. Pérez, R. Ortiz de Lejarazu, J. Ortiz, A. Pueyo, J. L. Viejo, P. Redondo, A. Molina, A. Agustí, A. Torres, A. Trilla, A. Vilella, F. Barbé, L. Blanch, G. Navarro, X. Bonfill, J. López-Contreras, V. Pomar, M. T. Puig, E. Borràs, V. Martínez, N. Torner, C. Bravo, F. Moraga, F. Calafell, J. Caylà, C. Tortajada, I. Garcia, J. Ruiz, J. J. García, O. Garín, J. Gea, J. P. Horcajada, N. Hayes, A. Rosell, C. A. Álvarez, M. Enríquez, F. Pozo, F. Baquero, J. C. Galán, A. Robustillo, M. Valdeón, E. Córdoba, F. Dominguez, J. García, R. Génova, Elisa Gil, S. Jiménez, M. A. Lopaz, J. López, F. Martín, M. L. Martínez, M. Ordobá s, E. Rodriguez, S. Sánchez, C. Valdés, J. R. Paño, M. Romero, A. Martinez, L. Martínez, V. Martínez-Artola, M. Ruiz, P. Fanlo, F. Gil, M. E. Ursua, M. Sota, M. T. Virto, J. Gamboa, F. Pérez-Afonso, U. Aguirre, A. Caspelastegui, P. P. España, S. García, J. M. Antoñana, I. Astigarraga, J. I. Pijoan, I. Pocheville, M. Santiago, J. I. Villate, J. Arístegui, A. Escobar, M. I. Garrote, A. Bilbao, C. Garaizar, G. Cilla, J. Korta, E. Pérez Trallero, C. Sarasqueta, F. Esteban, C. Salado, J. L. Lobo, J. Alustizac

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

16 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background The role of different risk exposures and preventive measures against influenza has not been well established. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors and measures to prevent influenza infection in the community. Methods We conducted a multicenter case-control study. Cases were 481 outpatients aged 18years or older with laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)09 in the 2009-2010 season in Spain. A control was selected for each case from outpatients from the same area matched by age and date of consultation. Information on risk situations, preventive measures and other variables was obtained by interview and review of the medical record. Results In the multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis, the risk of a diagnosis of influenza increased with the number of cohabitants (compared with <3 cohabitants, three cohabitants had an OR=1·80, 95% CI 1·12-2·89, and ≥5 cohabitants had an OR=2·66, 95% CI 1·31-5·41) and for health care workers (OR=2·94, 95% CI 1·53-5·66). The use of metropolitan public transport was associated with a lower frequency of a diagnosis of influenza (OR=0·45, 95% CI 0·30-0·68) but not the use of taxis or long-distance transport. The influenza A(H1N1)09 vaccine had a protective effect (OR=0·13, 95% CI 0·04-0·48), unlike hand washing after touching contaminated surfaces or the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Conclusion The home environment appears to play an important role in the spread of influenza in adults, but not the use of public transport. Health care workers have a higher risk of contracting influenza. Vaccination was the most effective preventive measure.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	177-183
Number of pages	7
Journal	Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses
Volume	7
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00361.x
State	Published - Mar 2013
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Epidemiology
Infection control
Influenza
Public health
Transmission
Vaccine

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Epidemiology
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Infectious Diseases

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10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00361.x

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Castilla, J., Godoy, P., Domínguez, Á., Martín, V., Delgado-Rodríguez, M., Martínez-Baz, I., Baricot, M., Soldevila, N., Mayoral, J. M., Astray, J., Quintana, J. M., Cantón, R., Castro, A., González-Candelas, F., Alonso, J., Saez, M., Tamames, S., Pumarola, T., Azor, E., ... Alustizac, J. (2013). Risk factors and effectiveness of preventive measures against influenza in the community. Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, 7(2), 177-183. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00361.x

Castilla, J, Godoy, P, Domínguez, Á, Martín, V, Delgado-Rodríguez, M, Martínez-Baz, I, Baricot, M, Soldevila, N, Mayoral, JM, Astray, J, Quintana, JM, Cantón, R, Castro, A, González-Candelas, F, Alonso, J, Saez, M, Tamames, S, Pumarola, T, Azor, E, Carrillo, J, Moyano, R, Navarro, JA, Vázquez, M, Zafra, F, Bueno, MA, Gómez, ML, Mariscal, M, Martínez, B, Quesada, JP, Sillero, M, Carnero, M, Fernández-Crehuet, J, del Diego Salas, J, Fuentes, V, Gallardo, V, Pérez, E, López, R, Maldonado, JR, Morillo, A, Navarro, JM, Pérez, M, Oña, S, Pérez, MJ, Ubago, MC, Zarzuela, M, Blanquer, J, Morales, M, Carriedo, D, Díez, F, Fernández, I, Fernández, S, Sanz, MP, Castrodeza, JJ, Pérez, A, Ortiz de Lejarazu, R, Ortiz, J, Pueyo, A, Viejo, JL, Redondo, P, Molina, A, Agustí, A, Torres, A, Trilla, A, Vilella, A, Barbé, F, Blanch, L, Navarro, G, Bonfill, X, López-Contreras, J, Pomar, V, Puig, MT, Borràs, E, Martínez, V, Torner, N, Bravo, C, Moraga, F, Calafell, F, Caylà, J, Tortajada, C, Garcia, I, Ruiz, J, García, JJ, Garín, O, Gea, J, Horcajada, JP, Hayes, N, Rosell, A, Álvarez, CA, Enríquez, M, Pozo, F, Baquero, F, Galán, JC, Robustillo, A, Valdeón, M, Córdoba, E, Dominguez, F, García, J, Génova, R, Gil, E, Jiménez, S, Lopaz, MA, López, J, Martín, F, Martínez, ML, Ordobá s, M, Rodriguez, E, Sánchez, S, Valdés, C, Paño, JR, Romero, M, Martinez, A, Martínez, L, Martínez-Artola, V, Ruiz, M, Fanlo, P, Gil, F, Ursua, ME, Sota, M, Virto, MT, Gamboa, J, Pérez-Afonso, F, Aguirre, U, Caspelastegui, A, España, PP, García, S, Antoñana, JM, Astigarraga, I, Pijoan, JI, Pocheville, I, Santiago, M, Villate, JI, Arístegui, J, Escobar, A, Garrote, MI, Bilbao, A, Garaizar, C, Cilla, G, Korta, J, Pérez Trallero, E, Sarasqueta, C, Esteban, F, Salado, C, Lobo, JL & Alustizac, J 2013, 'Risk factors and effectiveness of preventive measures against influenza in the community', Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 177-183. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00361.x

@article{2ee5efabc4cb4b0f8e07f9a1056526fa,

title = "Risk factors and effectiveness of preventive measures against influenza in the community",

abstract = "Background The role of different risk exposures and preventive measures against influenza has not been well established. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors and measures to prevent influenza infection in the community. Methods We conducted a multicenter case-control study. Cases were 481 outpatients aged 18years or older with laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)09 in the 2009-2010 season in Spain. A control was selected for each case from outpatients from the same area matched by age and date of consultation. Information on risk situations, preventive measures and other variables was obtained by interview and review of the medical record. Results In the multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis, the risk of a diagnosis of influenza increased with the number of cohabitants (compared with <3 cohabitants, three cohabitants had an OR=1·80, 95% CI 1·12-2·89, and ≥5 cohabitants had an OR=2·66, 95% CI 1·31-5·41) and for health care workers (OR=2·94, 95% CI 1·53-5·66). The use of metropolitan public transport was associated with a lower frequency of a diagnosis of influenza (OR=0·45, 95% CI 0·30-0·68) but not the use of taxis or long-distance transport. The influenza A(H1N1)09 vaccine had a protective effect (OR=0·13, 95% CI 0·04-0·48), unlike hand washing after touching contaminated surfaces or the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Conclusion The home environment appears to play an important role in the spread of influenza in adults, but not the use of public transport. Health care workers have a higher risk of contracting influenza. Vaccination was the most effective preventive measure.",

keywords = "Epidemiology, Infection control, Influenza, Public health, Transmission, Vaccine",

author = "Jes{\'u}s Castilla and Pere Godoy and {\'A}ngela Dom{\'i}nguez and Vicente Mart{\'i}n and Miguel Delgado-Rodr{\'i}guez and Iv{\'a}n Mart{\'i}nez-Baz and Maretva Baricot and Nuria Soldevila and Mayoral, {Jos{\'e} M.} and Jenaro Astray and Quintana, {Jos{\'e} M.} and Rafael Cant{\'o}n and Ady Castro and Fernando Gonz{\'a}lez-Candelas and Jordi Alonso and Marc Saez and Sonia Tamames and Tom{\'a}s Pumarola and E. Azor and J. Carrillo and R. Moyano and Navarro, {J. A.} and M. V{\'a}zquez and F. Zafra and Bueno, {M. A.} and G{\'o}mez, {M. L.} and M. Mariscal and B. Mart{\'i}nez and Quesada, {J. P.} and M. Sillero and M. Carnero and J. Fern{\'a}ndez-Crehuet and {del Diego Salas}, J. and V. Fuentes and V. Gallardo and E. P{\'e}rez and R. L{\'o}pez and Maldonado, {J. R.} and A. Morillo and Navarro, {J. M.} and M. P{\'e}rez and S. O{\~n}a and P{\'e}rez, {M. J.} and Ubago, {M. C.} and M. Zarzuela and J. Blanquer and M. Morales and D. Carriedo and F. D{\'i}ez and I. Fern{\'a}ndez and S. Fern{\'a}ndez and Sanz, {M. P.} and Castrodeza, {J. J.} and A. P{\'e}rez and {Ortiz de Lejarazu}, R. and J. Ortiz and A. Pueyo and Viejo, {J. L.} and P. Redondo and A. Molina and A. Agust{\'i} and A. Torres and A. Trilla and A. Vilella and F. Barb{\'e} and L. Blanch and G. Navarro and X. Bonfill and J. L{\'o}pez-Contreras and V. Pomar and Puig, {M. T.} and E. Borr{\`a}s and V. Mart{\'i}nez and N. Torner and C. Bravo and F. Moraga and F. Calafell and J. Cayl{\`a} and C. Tortajada and I. Garcia and J. Ruiz and Garc{\'i}a, {J. J.} and O. Gar{\'i}n and J. Gea and Horcajada, {J. P.} and N. Hayes and A. Rosell and {\'A}lvarez, {C. A.} and M. Enr{\'i}quez and F. Pozo and F. Baquero and Gal{\'a}n, {J. C.} and A. Robustillo and M. Valde{\'o}n and E. C{\'o}rdoba and F. Dominguez and J. Garc{\'i}a and R. G{\'e}nova and Elisa Gil and S. Jim{\'e}nez and Lopaz, {M. A.} and J. L{\'o}pez and F. Mart{\'i}n and Mart{\'i}nez, {M. L.} and {Ordob{\'a} s}, M. and E. Rodriguez and S. S{\'a}nchez and C. Vald{\'e}s and Pa{\~n}o, {J. R.} and M. Romero and A. Martinez and L. Mart{\'i}nez and V. Mart{\'i}nez-Artola and M. Ruiz and P. Fanlo and F. Gil and Ursua, {M. E.} and M. Sota and Virto, {M. T.} and J. Gamboa and F. P{\'e}rez-Afonso and U. Aguirre and A. Caspelastegui and Espa{\~n}a, {P. P.} and S. Garc{\'i}a and Anto{\~n}ana, {J. M.} and I. Astigarraga and Pijoan, {J. I.} and I. Pocheville and M. Santiago and Villate, {J. I.} and J. Ar{\'i}stegui and A. Escobar and Garrote, {M. I.} and A. Bilbao and C. Garaizar and G. Cilla and J. Korta and {P{\'e}rez Trallero}, E. and C. Sarasqueta and F. Esteban and C. Salado and Lobo, {J. L.} and J. Alustizac",

year = "2013",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00361.x",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "7",

pages = "177--183",

journal = "Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses",

issn = "1750-2640",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",

number = "2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Risk factors and effectiveness of preventive measures against influenza in the community

AU - Castilla, Jesús

AU - Godoy, Pere

AU - Domínguez, Ángela

AU - Martín, Vicente

AU - Delgado-Rodríguez, Miguel

AU - Martínez-Baz, Iván

AU - Baricot, Maretva

AU - Soldevila, Nuria

AU - Mayoral, José M.

AU - Astray, Jenaro

AU - Quintana, José M.

AU - Cantón, Rafael

AU - Castro, Ady

AU - González-Candelas, Fernando

AU - Alonso, Jordi

AU - Saez, Marc

AU - Tamames, Sonia

AU - Pumarola, Tomás

AU - Azor, E.

AU - Carrillo, J.

AU - Moyano, R.

AU - Navarro, J. A.

AU - Vázquez, M.

AU - Zafra, F.

AU - Bueno, M. A.

AU - Gómez, M. L.

AU - Mariscal, M.

AU - Martínez, B.

AU - Quesada, J. P.

AU - Sillero, M.

AU - Carnero, M.

AU - Fernández-Crehuet, J.

AU - del Diego Salas, J.

AU - Fuentes, V.

AU - Gallardo, V.

AU - Pérez, E.

AU - López, R.

AU - Maldonado, J. R.

AU - Morillo, A.

AU - Navarro, J. M.

AU - Pérez, M.

AU - Oña, S.

AU - Pérez, M. J.

AU - Ubago, M. C.

AU - Zarzuela, M.

AU - Blanquer, J.

AU - Morales, M.

AU - Carriedo, D.

AU - Díez, F.

AU - Fernández, I.

AU - Fernández, S.

AU - Sanz, M. P.

AU - Castrodeza, J. J.

AU - Pérez, A.

AU - Ortiz de Lejarazu, R.

AU - Ortiz, J.

AU - Pueyo, A.

AU - Viejo, J. L.

AU - Redondo, P.

AU - Molina, A.

AU - Agustí, A.

AU - Torres, A.

AU - Trilla, A.

AU - Vilella, A.

AU - Barbé, F.

AU - Blanch, L.

AU - Navarro, G.

AU - Bonfill, X.

AU - López-Contreras, J.

AU - Pomar, V.

AU - Puig, M. T.

AU - Borràs, E.

AU - Martínez, V.

AU - Torner, N.

AU - Bravo, C.

AU - Moraga, F.

AU - Calafell, F.

AU - Caylà, J.

AU - Tortajada, C.

AU - Garcia, I.

AU - Ruiz, J.

AU - García, J. J.

AU - Garín, O.

AU - Gea, J.

AU - Horcajada, J. P.

AU - Hayes, N.

AU - Rosell, A.

AU - Álvarez, C. A.

AU - Enríquez, M.

AU - Pozo, F.

AU - Baquero, F.

AU - Galán, J. C.

AU - Robustillo, A.

AU - Valdeón, M.

AU - Córdoba, E.

AU - Dominguez, F.

AU - García, J.

AU - Génova, R.

AU - Gil, Elisa

AU - Jiménez, S.

AU - Lopaz, M. A.

AU - López, J.

AU - Martín, F.

AU - Martínez, M. L.

AU - Ordobá s, M.

AU - Rodriguez, E.

AU - Sánchez, S.

AU - Valdés, C.

AU - Paño, J. R.

AU - Romero, M.

AU - Martinez, A.

AU - Martínez, L.

AU - Martínez-Artola, V.

AU - Ruiz, M.

AU - Fanlo, P.

AU - Gil, F.

AU - Ursua, M. E.

AU - Sota, M.

AU - Virto, M. T.

AU - Gamboa, J.

AU - Pérez-Afonso, F.

AU - Aguirre, U.

AU - Caspelastegui, A.

AU - España, P. P.

AU - García, S.

AU - Antoñana, J. M.

AU - Astigarraga, I.

AU - Pijoan, J. I.

AU - Pocheville, I.

AU - Santiago, M.

AU - Villate, J. I.

AU - Arístegui, J.

AU - Escobar, A.

AU - Garrote, M. I.

AU - Bilbao, A.

AU - Garaizar, C.

AU - Cilla, G.

AU - Korta, J.

AU - Pérez Trallero, E.

AU - Sarasqueta, C.

AU - Esteban, F.

AU - Salado, C.

AU - Lobo, J. L.

AU - Alustizac, J.

PY - 2013/3

Y1 - 2013/3

N2 - Background The role of different risk exposures and preventive measures against influenza has not been well established. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors and measures to prevent influenza infection in the community. Methods We conducted a multicenter case-control study. Cases were 481 outpatients aged 18years or older with laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)09 in the 2009-2010 season in Spain. A control was selected for each case from outpatients from the same area matched by age and date of consultation. Information on risk situations, preventive measures and other variables was obtained by interview and review of the medical record. Results In the multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis, the risk of a diagnosis of influenza increased with the number of cohabitants (compared with <3 cohabitants, three cohabitants had an OR=1·80, 95% CI 1·12-2·89, and ≥5 cohabitants had an OR=2·66, 95% CI 1·31-5·41) and for health care workers (OR=2·94, 95% CI 1·53-5·66). The use of metropolitan public transport was associated with a lower frequency of a diagnosis of influenza (OR=0·45, 95% CI 0·30-0·68) but not the use of taxis or long-distance transport. The influenza A(H1N1)09 vaccine had a protective effect (OR=0·13, 95% CI 0·04-0·48), unlike hand washing after touching contaminated surfaces or the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Conclusion The home environment appears to play an important role in the spread of influenza in adults, but not the use of public transport. Health care workers have a higher risk of contracting influenza. Vaccination was the most effective preventive measure.

AB - Background The role of different risk exposures and preventive measures against influenza has not been well established. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors and measures to prevent influenza infection in the community. Methods We conducted a multicenter case-control study. Cases were 481 outpatients aged 18years or older with laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)09 in the 2009-2010 season in Spain. A control was selected for each case from outpatients from the same area matched by age and date of consultation. Information on risk situations, preventive measures and other variables was obtained by interview and review of the medical record. Results In the multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis, the risk of a diagnosis of influenza increased with the number of cohabitants (compared with <3 cohabitants, three cohabitants had an OR=1·80, 95% CI 1·12-2·89, and ≥5 cohabitants had an OR=2·66, 95% CI 1·31-5·41) and for health care workers (OR=2·94, 95% CI 1·53-5·66). The use of metropolitan public transport was associated with a lower frequency of a diagnosis of influenza (OR=0·45, 95% CI 0·30-0·68) but not the use of taxis or long-distance transport. The influenza A(H1N1)09 vaccine had a protective effect (OR=0·13, 95% CI 0·04-0·48), unlike hand washing after touching contaminated surfaces or the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Conclusion The home environment appears to play an important role in the spread of influenza in adults, but not the use of public transport. Health care workers have a higher risk of contracting influenza. Vaccination was the most effective preventive measure.

KW - Epidemiology

KW - Infection control

KW - Influenza

KW - Public health

KW - Transmission

KW - Vaccine

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84873721802&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84873721802&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00361.x

DO - 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00361.x

M3 - Article

C2 - 22458533

AN - SCOPUS:84873721802

SN - 1750-2640

VL - 7

SP - 177

EP - 183

JO - Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses

JF - Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses

IS - 2

ER -

Risk factors and effectiveness of preventive measures against influenza in the community

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