TY - JOUR
T1 - Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Velocity Time Integral Determination in 570 Healthy Children and in 52 Pediatric Atrial Septal Defect Patients
AU - Koestenberger, Martin
AU - Nage, Bert
AU - Ravekes, William
AU - Avian, Alexander
AU - Burmas, Ante
AU - Grangl, Gernot
AU - Cvirn, Gerhard
AU - Gamillscheg, Andreas
PY - 2015/8/22
Y1 - 2015/8/22
N2 - Determination of the right ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (RVOT VTI) is an important part of the noninvasive investigation of pulmonary blood flow in adults; however, age-related pediatric reference data are lacking. We examined growth-related changes of RVOT VTI values in children and the predictive value of RVOT VTI values in identifying enhanced pulmonary blood flow in children with secundum type atrial septal defect (ASD). A prospective study was conducted in a group of 570 healthy children and 52 children with a moderate-sized to large ASD. We determined the effects of age, body length (BL), body weight (BW), and body surface area (BSA) on RVOT VTI values. The predictive value of normal values stratified for age, BW, BL, and BSA was tested in our 52 ASD children. RVOT VTI values ranged from mean 9.7 ± 1.2 cm in neonates to 23.3 ± 2.7 cm in children with 18 years of age and showed a positive correlation with age, BL, BSA, and BW. In our population, RVOT VTI z-scores showed a high specificity for detecting ASD patients (>97 %) with sensitivity up to 71 %. We provide normal ranges and calculated z-scores of pediatric RVOT VTI values. Normal RVOT VTI z-scores might be additional predictors in identifying increased pulmonary blood flow in patients with ASD.
AB - Determination of the right ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (RVOT VTI) is an important part of the noninvasive investigation of pulmonary blood flow in adults; however, age-related pediatric reference data are lacking. We examined growth-related changes of RVOT VTI values in children and the predictive value of RVOT VTI values in identifying enhanced pulmonary blood flow in children with secundum type atrial septal defect (ASD). A prospective study was conducted in a group of 570 healthy children and 52 children with a moderate-sized to large ASD. We determined the effects of age, body length (BL), body weight (BW), and body surface area (BSA) on RVOT VTI values. The predictive value of normal values stratified for age, BW, BL, and BSA was tested in our 52 ASD children. RVOT VTI values ranged from mean 9.7 ± 1.2 cm in neonates to 23.3 ± 2.7 cm in children with 18 years of age and showed a positive correlation with age, BL, BSA, and BW. In our population, RVOT VTI z-scores showed a high specificity for detecting ASD patients (>97 %) with sensitivity up to 71 %. We provide normal ranges and calculated z-scores of pediatric RVOT VTI values. Normal RVOT VTI z-scores might be additional predictors in identifying increased pulmonary blood flow in patients with ASD.
KW - Atrial septal defect
KW - Pediatric
KW - Pulmonary blood flow
KW - Right ventricular outflow tract
KW - Velocity time integral
KW - Z-Scores
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84937630561&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84937630561&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00246-015-1131-7
DO - 10.1007/s00246-015-1131-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 25744366
AN - SCOPUS:84937630561
SN - 0172-0643
VL - 36
SP - 1129
EP - 1134
JO - Pediatric Cardiology
JF - Pediatric Cardiology
IS - 6
ER -