Review of deuterium-tritium results from the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

K. M. McGuire; H. Adler; P. Alling; C. Ancher; H. Anderson; J. L. Anderson; J. W. Anderson; V. Arunasalam; G. Ascione; D. Ashcroft; Cris W. Barnes; G. Barnes; S. Batha; G. Bateman; M. Beer; M. G. Bell; R. Bell; M. Bitter; W. Blanchard; N. L. Bretz; C. Brunkhorst; R. Budny; C. E. Bush; R. Camp; M. Caorlin; H. Carnevale; S. Cauffman; Z. Chang; C. S. Chang; C. Z. Cheng; J. Chrzanowski; J. Collins; G. Coward; M. Cropper; D. S. Darrow; R. Daugert; J. DeLooper; R. Dendy; W. Dorland; L. Dudek; H. Duong; R. Durst; P. C. Efthimion; D. Ernst; H. Evenson; N. Fisch; R. Fisher; R. J. Fonck; E. Fredd; E. Fredrickson; N. Fromm; G. Y. Fu; T. Fujita; H. P. Furth; V. Garzotto; C. Gentile; J. Gilbert; J. Gioia; N. Gorelenkov; B. Grek; L. R. Grisham; G. Hammett; G. R. Hanson; R. J. Hawryluk; W. Heidbrink; H. W. Herrmann; K. W. Hill; J. Hosea; H. Hsuan; M. Hughes; R. Hulse; A. Janos; D. L. Jassby; F. C. Jobes; D. W. Johnson; L. C. Johnson; M. Kalish; J. Kamperschroer; J. Kesner; H. Kugel; G. Labik; N. T. Lam; P. H. LaMarche; E. Lawson; B. LeBlanc; J. Levine; F. M. Levinton; D. Loesser; D. Long; M. J. Loughlin; J. Machuzak; R. Majeski; D. K. Mansfield; E. S. Marmar; R. Marsala; A. Martin; G. Martin; E. Mazzucato; M. Mauel; M. P. McCarthy; J. McChesney; B. McCormack; D. C. McCune; G. McKee; D. M. Meade; S. S. Medley; D. R. Mikkelsen; S. V. Mirnov; D. Mueller; M. Murakami; J. A. Murphy; A. Nagy; G. A. Navratil; R. Nazikian; R. Newman; M. Norris; T. O'Connor; M. Oldaker; J. Ongena; M. Osakabe; D. K. Owens; H. Park; W. Park; P. Parks; S. F. Paul; G. Pearson; E. Perry; R. Persing; M. Petrov; C. K. Phillips; M. Phillips; S. Pitcher; R. Pysher; A. L. Qualls; S. Raftopoulos; S. Ramakrishnan; A. Ramsey; D. A. Rasmussen; M. H. Redi; G. Renda; G. Rewoldt; D. Roberts; J. Rogers; R. Rossmassler; A. L. Roquemore; E. Ruskov; S. A. Sabbagh; M. Sasao; G. Schilling; J. Schivell; G. L. Schmidt; R. Scillia; S. D. Scott; I. Semenov; T. Senko; S. Sesnic; R. Sissingh; C. H. Skinner; J. Snipes; J. Stencel; J. Stevens; T. Stevenson; B. C. Stratton; J. D. Strachan; W. Stodiek; J. Swanson; E. Synakowski; H. Takahashi; W. Tang; G. Taylor; J. Terry; M. E. Thompson; W. Tighe; J. R. Timberlake; K. Tobita; H. H. Towner; M. Tuszewski; A. Von Halle; C. Vannoy; M. Viola; S. Von Goeler; D. Voorhees; R. T. Walters; R. Wester; R. White; R. Wieland; J. B. Wilgen; M. Williams; J. R. Wilson; J. Winston; K. Wright; K. L. Wong; P. Woskov; G. A. Wurden; M. Yamada; S. Yoshikawa; K. M. Young; M. C. Zarnstorff; V. Zavereev; S. J. Zweben

doi:10.1063/1.871303

Review of deuterium-tritium results from the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

K. M. McGuire, H. Adler, P. Alling, C. Ancher, H. Anderson, J. L. Anderson, J. W. Anderson, V. Arunasalam, G. Ascione, D. Ashcroft, Cris W. Barnes, G. Barnes, S. Batha, G. Bateman, M. Beer, M. G. Bell, R. Bell, M. Bitter, W. Blanchard, N. L. BretzC. Brunkhorst, R. Budny, C. E. Bush, R. Camp, M. Caorlin, H. Carnevale, S. Cauffman, Z. Chang, C. S. Chang, C. Z. Cheng, J. Chrzanowski, J. Collins, G. Coward, M. Cropper, D. S. Darrow, R. Daugert, J. DeLooper, R. Dendy, W. Dorland, L. Dudek, H. Duong, R. Durst, P. C. Efthimion, D. Ernst, H. Evenson, N. Fisch, R. Fisher, R. J. Fonck, E. Fredd, E. Fredrickson, N. Fromm, G. Y. Fu, T. Fujita, H. P. Furth, V. Garzotto, C. Gentile, J. Gilbert, J. Gioia, N. Gorelenkov, B. Grek, L. R. Grisham, G. Hammett, G. R. Hanson, R. J. Hawryluk, W. Heidbrink, H. W. Herrmann, K. W. Hill, J. Hosea, H. Hsuan, M. Hughes, R. Hulse, A. Janos, D. L. Jassby, F. C. Jobes, D. W. Johnson, L. C. Johnson, M. Kalish, J. Kamperschroer, J. Kesner, H. Kugel, G. Labik, N. T. Lam, P. H. LaMarche, E. Lawson, B. LeBlanc, J. Levine, F. M. Levinton, D. Loesser, D. Long, M. J. Loughlin, J. Machuzak, R. Majeski, D. K. Mansfield, E. S. Marmar, R. Marsala, A. Martin, G. Martin, E. Mazzucato, M. Mauel, M. P. McCarthy, J. McChesney, B. McCormack, D. C. McCune, G. McKee, D. M. Meade, S. S. Medley, D. R. Mikkelsen, S. V. Mirnov, D. Mueller, M. Murakami, J. A. Murphy, A. Nagy, G. A. Navratil, R. Nazikian, R. Newman, M. Norris, T. O'Connor, M. Oldaker, J. Ongena, M. Osakabe, D. K. Owens, H. Park, W. Park, P. Parks, S. F. Paul, G. Pearson, E. Perry, R. Persing, M. Petrov, C. K. Phillips, M. Phillips, S. Pitcher, R. Pysher, A. L. Qualls, S. Raftopoulos, S. Ramakrishnan, A. Ramsey, D. A. Rasmussen, M. H. Redi, G. Renda, G. Rewoldt, D. Roberts, J. Rogers, R. Rossmassler, A. L. Roquemore, E. Ruskov, S. A. Sabbagh, M. Sasao, G. Schilling, J. Schivell, G. L. Schmidt, R. Scillia, S. D. Scott, I. Semenov, T. Senko, S. Sesnic, R. Sissingh, C. H. Skinner, J. Snipes, J. Stencel, J. Stevens, T. Stevenson, B. C. Stratton, J. D. Strachan, W. Stodiek, J. Swanson, E. Synakowski, H. Takahashi, W. Tang, G. Taylor, J. Terry, M. E. Thompson, W. Tighe, J. R. Timberlake, K. Tobita, H. H. Towner, M. Tuszewski, A. Von Halle, C. Vannoy, M. Viola, S. Von Goeler, D. Voorhees, R. T. Walters, R. Wester, R. White, R. Wieland, J. B. Wilgen, M. Williams, J. R. Wilson, J. Winston, K. Wright, K. L. Wong, P. Woskov, G. A. Wurden, M. Yamada, S. Yoshikawa, K. M. Young, M. C. Zarnstorff, V. Zavereev, S. J. Zweben

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

66 Scopus citations

Abstract

After many years of fusion research, the conditions needed for a D-T fusion reactor have been approached on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Fusion Technol. 21, 1324 (1992)]. For the first time the unique phenomena present in a D-T plasma are now being studied in a laboratory plasma. The first magnetic fusion experiments to study plasmas using nearly equal concentrations of deuterium and tritium have been carried out on TFTR. At present the maximum fusion power of 10.7 MW, using 39.5 MW of neutral-beam heating, in a supershot discharge and 6.7 MW in a high-β_p discharge following a current rampdown. The fusion power density in a core of the plasma is ≈2.8 MW m ^-3, exceeding that expected in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1991), Vol. 3, p. 239] at 1500 MW total fusion power. The energy confinement time, τ_E, is observed to increase in D-T, relative to D plasmas, by 20% and the n _i(0) T_i(0) τ_E product by 55%. The improvement in thermal confinement is caused primarily by a decrease in ion heat conductivity in both supershot and limiter-H-mode discharges. Extensive lithium pellet injection increased the confinement time to 0.27 s and enabled higher current operation in both supershot and high-β_p discharges. Ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) heating of a D-T plasma, using the second harmonic of tritium, has been demonstrated. First measurements of the confined alpha particles have been performed and found to be in good agreement with TRANSP [Nucl. Fusion 34, 1247 (1994)] simulations. Initial measurements of the alpha ash profile have been compared with simulations using particle transport coefficients from He gas puffing experiments. The loss of alpha particles to a detector at the bottom of the vessel is well described by the first-orbit loss mechanism. No loss due to alpha-particle-driven instabilities has yet been observed. D-T experiments on TFTR will continue to explore the assumptions of the ITER design and to examine some of the physics issues associated with an advanced tokamak reactor.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	2176-2188
Number of pages	13
Journal	Physics of Plasmas
Volume	2
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1063/1.871303
State	Published - 1995
Externally published	Yes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Condensed Matter Physics

Access to Document

10.1063/1.871303

Cite this

McGuire, K. M., Adler, H., Alling, P., Ancher, C., Anderson, H., Anderson, J. L., Anderson, J. W., Arunasalam, V., Ascione, G., Ashcroft, D., Barnes, C. W., Barnes, G., Batha, S., Bateman, G., Beer, M., Bell, M. G., Bell, R., Bitter, M., Blanchard, W., ... Zweben, S. J. (1995). Review of deuterium-tritium results from the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor. Physics of Plasmas, 2(6), 2176-2188. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.871303

McGuire, KM, Adler, H, Alling, P, Ancher, C, Anderson, H, Anderson, JL, Anderson, JW, Arunasalam, V, Ascione, G, Ashcroft, D, Barnes, CW, Barnes, G, Batha, S, Bateman, G, Beer, M, Bell, MG, Bell, R, Bitter, M, Blanchard, W, Bretz, NL, Brunkhorst, C, Budny, R, Bush, CE, Camp, R, Caorlin, M, Carnevale, H, Cauffman, S, Chang, Z, Chang, CS, Cheng, CZ, Chrzanowski, J, Collins, J, Coward, G, Cropper, M, Darrow, DS, Daugert, R, DeLooper, J, Dendy, R, Dorland, W, Dudek, L, Duong, H, Durst, R, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, D, Evenson, H, Fisch, N, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Fredd, E, Fredrickson, E, Fromm, N, Fu, GY, Fujita, T, Furth, HP, Garzotto, V, Gentile, C, Gilbert, J, Gioia, J, Gorelenkov, N, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, G, Hanson, GR, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, W, Herrmann, HW, Hill, KW, Hosea, J, Hsuan, H, Hughes, M, Hulse, R, Janos, A, Jassby, DL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, DW, Johnson, LC, Kalish, M, Kamperschroer, J, Kesner, J, Kugel, H, Labik, G, Lam, NT, LaMarche, PH, Lawson, E, LeBlanc, B, Levine, J, Levinton, FM, Loesser, D, Long, D, Loughlin, MJ, Machuzak, J, Majeski, R, Mansfield, DK, Marmar, ES, Marsala, R, Martin, A, Martin, G, Mazzucato, E, Mauel, M, McCarthy, MP, McChesney, J, McCormack, B, McCune, DC, McKee, G, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mikkelsen, DR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, D, Murakami, M, Murphy, JA, Nagy, A, Navratil, GA, Nazikian, R, Newman, R, Norris, M, O'Connor, T, Oldaker, M, Ongena, J, Osakabe, M, Owens, DK, Park, H, Park, W, Parks, P, Paul, SF, Pearson, G, Perry, E, Persing, R, Petrov, M, Phillips, CK, Phillips, M, Pitcher, S, Pysher, R, Qualls, AL, Raftopoulos, S, Ramakrishnan, S, Ramsey, A, Rasmussen, DA, Redi, MH, Renda, G, Rewoldt, G, Roberts, D, Rogers, J, Rossmassler, R, Roquemore, AL, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Schilling, G, Schivell, J, Schmidt, GL, Scillia, R, Scott, SD, Semenov, I, Senko, T, Sesnic, S, Sissingh, R, Skinner, CH, Snipes, J, Stencel, J, Stevens, J, Stevenson, T, Stratton, BC, Strachan, JD, Stodiek, W, Swanson, J, Synakowski, E, Takahashi, H, Tang, W, Taylor, G, Terry, J, Thompson, ME, Tighe, W, Timberlake, JR, Tobita, K, Towner, HH, Tuszewski, M, Von Halle, A, Vannoy, C, Viola, M, Von Goeler, S, Voorhees, D, Walters, RT, Wester, R, White, R, Wieland, R, Wilgen, JB, Williams, M, Wilson, JR, Winston, J, Wright, K, Wong, KL, Woskov, P, Wurden, GA, Yamada, M, Yoshikawa, S, Young, KM, Zarnstorff, MC, Zavereev, V & Zweben, SJ 1995, 'Review of deuterium-tritium results from the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor', Physics of Plasmas, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 2176-2188. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.871303

@article{bc3b686a90f54a9097e110bc2f34f33d,

title = "Review of deuterium-tritium results from the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor",

abstract = "After many years of fusion research, the conditions needed for a D-T fusion reactor have been approached on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Fusion Technol. 21, 1324 (1992)]. For the first time the unique phenomena present in a D-T plasma are now being studied in a laboratory plasma. The first magnetic fusion experiments to study plasmas using nearly equal concentrations of deuterium and tritium have been carried out on TFTR. At present the maximum fusion power of 10.7 MW, using 39.5 MW of neutral-beam heating, in a supershot discharge and 6.7 MW in a high-βp discharge following a current rampdown. The fusion power density in a core of the plasma is ≈2.8 MW m -3, exceeding that expected in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1991), Vol. 3, p. 239] at 1500 MW total fusion power. The energy confinement time, τE, is observed to increase in D-T, relative to D plasmas, by 20% and the n i(0) Ti(0) τE product by 55%. The improvement in thermal confinement is caused primarily by a decrease in ion heat conductivity in both supershot and limiter-H-mode discharges. Extensive lithium pellet injection increased the confinement time to 0.27 s and enabled higher current operation in both supershot and high-βp discharges. Ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) heating of a D-T plasma, using the second harmonic of tritium, has been demonstrated. First measurements of the confined alpha particles have been performed and found to be in good agreement with TRANSP [Nucl. Fusion 34, 1247 (1994)] simulations. Initial measurements of the alpha ash profile have been compared with simulations using particle transport coefficients from He gas puffing experiments. The loss of alpha particles to a detector at the bottom of the vessel is well described by the first-orbit loss mechanism. No loss due to alpha-particle-driven instabilities has yet been observed. D-T experiments on TFTR will continue to explore the assumptions of the ITER design and to examine some of the physics issues associated with an advanced tokamak reactor.",

author = "McGuire, {K. M.} and H. Adler and P. Alling and C. Ancher and H. Anderson and Anderson, {J. L.} and Anderson, {J. W.} and V. Arunasalam and G. Ascione and D. Ashcroft and Barnes, {Cris W.} and G. Barnes and S. Batha and G. Bateman and M. Beer and Bell, {M. G.} and R. Bell and M. Bitter and W. Blanchard and Bretz, {N. L.} and C. Brunkhorst and R. Budny and Bush, {C. E.} and R. Camp and M. Caorlin and H. Carnevale and S. Cauffman and Z. Chang and Chang, {C. S.} and Cheng, {C. Z.} and J. Chrzanowski and J. Collins and G. Coward and M. Cropper and Darrow, {D. S.} and R. Daugert and J. DeLooper and R. Dendy and W. Dorland and L. Dudek and H. Duong and R. Durst and Efthimion, {P. C.} and D. Ernst and H. Evenson and N. Fisch and R. Fisher and Fonck, {R. J.} and E. Fredd and E. Fredrickson and N. Fromm and Fu, {G. Y.} and T. Fujita and Furth, {H. P.} and V. Garzotto and C. Gentile and J. Gilbert and J. Gioia and N. Gorelenkov and B. Grek and Grisham, {L. R.} and G. Hammett and Hanson, {G. R.} and Hawryluk, {R. J.} and W. Heidbrink and Herrmann, {H. W.} and Hill, {K. W.} and J. Hosea and H. Hsuan and M. Hughes and R. Hulse and A. Janos and Jassby, {D. L.} and Jobes, {F. C.} and Johnson, {D. W.} and Johnson, {L. C.} and M. Kalish and J. Kamperschroer and J. Kesner and H. Kugel and G. Labik and Lam, {N. T.} and LaMarche, {P. H.} and E. Lawson and B. LeBlanc and J. Levine and Levinton, {F. M.} and D. Loesser and D. Long and Loughlin, {M. J.} and J. Machuzak and R. Majeski and Mansfield, {D. K.} and Marmar, {E. S.} and R. Marsala and A. Martin and G. Martin and E. Mazzucato and M. Mauel and McCarthy, {M. P.} and J. McChesney and B. McCormack and McCune, {D. C.} and G. McKee and Meade, {D. M.} and Medley, {S. S.} and Mikkelsen, {D. R.} and Mirnov, {S. V.} and D. Mueller and M. Murakami and Murphy, {J. A.} and A. Nagy and Navratil, {G. A.} and R. Nazikian and R. Newman and M. Norris and T. O'Connor and M. Oldaker and J. Ongena and M. Osakabe and Owens, {D. K.} and H. Park and W. Park and P. Parks and Paul, {S. F.} and G. Pearson and E. Perry and R. Persing and M. Petrov and Phillips, {C. K.} and M. Phillips and S. Pitcher and R. Pysher and Qualls, {A. L.} and S. Raftopoulos and S. Ramakrishnan and A. Ramsey and Rasmussen, {D. A.} and Redi, {M. H.} and G. Renda and G. Rewoldt and D. Roberts and J. Rogers and R. Rossmassler and Roquemore, {A. L.} and E. Ruskov and Sabbagh, {S. A.} and M. Sasao and G. Schilling and J. Schivell and Schmidt, {G. L.} and R. Scillia and Scott, {S. D.} and I. Semenov and T. Senko and S. Sesnic and R. Sissingh and Skinner, {C. H.} and J. Snipes and J. Stencel and J. Stevens and T. Stevenson and Stratton, {B. C.} and Strachan, {J. D.} and W. Stodiek and J. Swanson and E. Synakowski and H. Takahashi and W. Tang and G. Taylor and J. Terry and Thompson, {M. E.} and W. Tighe and Timberlake, {J. R.} and K. Tobita and Towner, {H. H.} and M. Tuszewski and {Von Halle}, A. and C. Vannoy and M. Viola and {Von Goeler}, S. and D. Voorhees and Walters, {R. T.} and R. Wester and R. White and R. Wieland and Wilgen, {J. B.} and M. Williams and Wilson, {J. R.} and J. Winston and K. Wright and Wong, {K. L.} and P. Woskov and Wurden, {G. A.} and M. Yamada and S. Yoshikawa and Young, {K. M.} and Zarnstorff, {M. C.} and V. Zavereev and Zweben, {S. J.}",

year = "1995",

doi = "10.1063/1.871303",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "2",

pages = "2176--2188",

journal = "Physics of Plasmas",

issn = "1070-664X",

publisher = "American Institute of Physics Publising LLC",

number = "6",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Review of deuterium-tritium results from the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

AU - McGuire, K. M.

AU - Adler, H.

AU - Alling, P.

AU - Ancher, C.

AU - Anderson, H.

AU - Anderson, J. L.

AU - Anderson, J. W.

AU - Arunasalam, V.

AU - Ascione, G.

AU - Ashcroft, D.

AU - Barnes, Cris W.

AU - Barnes, G.

AU - Batha, S.

AU - Bateman, G.

AU - Beer, M.

AU - Bell, M. G.

AU - Bell, R.

AU - Bitter, M.

AU - Blanchard, W.

AU - Bretz, N. L.

AU - Brunkhorst, C.

AU - Budny, R.

AU - Bush, C. E.

AU - Camp, R.

AU - Caorlin, M.

AU - Carnevale, H.

AU - Cauffman, S.

AU - Chang, Z.

AU - Chang, C. S.

AU - Cheng, C. Z.

AU - Chrzanowski, J.

AU - Collins, J.

AU - Coward, G.

AU - Cropper, M.

AU - Darrow, D. S.

AU - Daugert, R.

AU - DeLooper, J.

AU - Dendy, R.

AU - Dorland, W.

AU - Dudek, L.

AU - Duong, H.

AU - Durst, R.

AU - Efthimion, P. C.

AU - Ernst, D.

AU - Evenson, H.

AU - Fisch, N.

AU - Fisher, R.

AU - Fonck, R. J.

AU - Fredd, E.

AU - Fredrickson, E.

AU - Fromm, N.

AU - Fu, G. Y.

AU - Fujita, T.

AU - Furth, H. P.

AU - Garzotto, V.

AU - Gentile, C.

AU - Gilbert, J.

AU - Gioia, J.

AU - Gorelenkov, N.

AU - Grek, B.

AU - Grisham, L. R.

AU - Hammett, G.

AU - Hanson, G. R.

AU - Hawryluk, R. J.

AU - Heidbrink, W.

AU - Herrmann, H. W.

AU - Hill, K. W.

AU - Hosea, J.

AU - Hsuan, H.

AU - Hughes, M.

AU - Hulse, R.

AU - Janos, A.

AU - Jassby, D. L.

AU - Jobes, F. C.

AU - Johnson, D. W.

AU - Johnson, L. C.

AU - Kalish, M.

AU - Kamperschroer, J.

AU - Kesner, J.

AU - Kugel, H.

AU - Labik, G.

AU - Lam, N. T.

AU - LaMarche, P. H.

AU - Lawson, E.

AU - LeBlanc, B.

AU - Levine, J.

AU - Levinton, F. M.

AU - Loesser, D.

AU - Long, D.

AU - Loughlin, M. J.

AU - Machuzak, J.

AU - Majeski, R.

AU - Mansfield, D. K.

AU - Marmar, E. S.

AU - Marsala, R.

AU - Martin, A.

AU - Martin, G.

AU - Mazzucato, E.

AU - Mauel, M.

AU - McCarthy, M. P.

AU - McChesney, J.

AU - McCormack, B.

AU - McCune, D. C.

AU - McKee, G.

AU - Meade, D. M.

AU - Medley, S. S.

AU - Mikkelsen, D. R.

AU - Mirnov, S. V.

AU - Mueller, D.

AU - Murakami, M.

AU - Murphy, J. A.

AU - Nagy, A.

AU - Navratil, G. A.

AU - Nazikian, R.

AU - Newman, R.

AU - Norris, M.

AU - O'Connor, T.

AU - Oldaker, M.

AU - Ongena, J.

AU - Osakabe, M.

AU - Owens, D. K.

AU - Park, H.

AU - Park, W.

AU - Parks, P.

AU - Paul, S. F.

AU - Pearson, G.

AU - Perry, E.

AU - Persing, R.

AU - Petrov, M.

AU - Phillips, C. K.

AU - Phillips, M.

AU - Pitcher, S.

AU - Pysher, R.

AU - Qualls, A. L.

AU - Raftopoulos, S.

AU - Ramakrishnan, S.

AU - Ramsey, A.

AU - Rasmussen, D. A.

AU - Redi, M. H.

AU - Renda, G.

AU - Rewoldt, G.

AU - Roberts, D.

AU - Rogers, J.

AU - Rossmassler, R.

AU - Roquemore, A. L.

AU - Ruskov, E.

AU - Sabbagh, S. A.

AU - Sasao, M.

AU - Schilling, G.

AU - Schivell, J.

AU - Schmidt, G. L.

AU - Scillia, R.

AU - Scott, S. D.

AU - Semenov, I.

AU - Senko, T.

AU - Sesnic, S.

AU - Sissingh, R.

AU - Skinner, C. H.

AU - Snipes, J.

AU - Stencel, J.

AU - Stevens, J.

AU - Stevenson, T.

AU - Stratton, B. C.

AU - Strachan, J. D.

AU - Stodiek, W.

AU - Swanson, J.

AU - Synakowski, E.

AU - Takahashi, H.

AU - Tang, W.

AU - Taylor, G.

AU - Terry, J.

AU - Thompson, M. E.

AU - Tighe, W.

AU - Timberlake, J. R.

AU - Tobita, K.

AU - Towner, H. H.

AU - Tuszewski, M.

AU - Von Halle, A.

AU - Vannoy, C.

AU - Viola, M.

AU - Von Goeler, S.

AU - Voorhees, D.

AU - Walters, R. T.

AU - Wester, R.

AU - White, R.

AU - Wieland, R.

AU - Wilgen, J. B.

AU - Williams, M.

AU - Wilson, J. R.

AU - Winston, J.

AU - Wright, K.

AU - Wong, K. L.

AU - Woskov, P.

AU - Wurden, G. A.

AU - Yamada, M.

AU - Yoshikawa, S.

AU - Young, K. M.

AU - Zarnstorff, M. C.

AU - Zavereev, V.

AU - Zweben, S. J.

PY - 1995

Y1 - 1995

N2 - After many years of fusion research, the conditions needed for a D-T fusion reactor have been approached on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Fusion Technol. 21, 1324 (1992)]. For the first time the unique phenomena present in a D-T plasma are now being studied in a laboratory plasma. The first magnetic fusion experiments to study plasmas using nearly equal concentrations of deuterium and tritium have been carried out on TFTR. At present the maximum fusion power of 10.7 MW, using 39.5 MW of neutral-beam heating, in a supershot discharge and 6.7 MW in a high-βp discharge following a current rampdown. The fusion power density in a core of the plasma is ≈2.8 MW m -3, exceeding that expected in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1991), Vol. 3, p. 239] at 1500 MW total fusion power. The energy confinement time, τE, is observed to increase in D-T, relative to D plasmas, by 20% and the n i(0) Ti(0) τE product by 55%. The improvement in thermal confinement is caused primarily by a decrease in ion heat conductivity in both supershot and limiter-H-mode discharges. Extensive lithium pellet injection increased the confinement time to 0.27 s and enabled higher current operation in both supershot and high-βp discharges. Ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) heating of a D-T plasma, using the second harmonic of tritium, has been demonstrated. First measurements of the confined alpha particles have been performed and found to be in good agreement with TRANSP [Nucl. Fusion 34, 1247 (1994)] simulations. Initial measurements of the alpha ash profile have been compared with simulations using particle transport coefficients from He gas puffing experiments. The loss of alpha particles to a detector at the bottom of the vessel is well described by the first-orbit loss mechanism. No loss due to alpha-particle-driven instabilities has yet been observed. D-T experiments on TFTR will continue to explore the assumptions of the ITER design and to examine some of the physics issues associated with an advanced tokamak reactor.

AB - After many years of fusion research, the conditions needed for a D-T fusion reactor have been approached on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Fusion Technol. 21, 1324 (1992)]. For the first time the unique phenomena present in a D-T plasma are now being studied in a laboratory plasma. The first magnetic fusion experiments to study plasmas using nearly equal concentrations of deuterium and tritium have been carried out on TFTR. At present the maximum fusion power of 10.7 MW, using 39.5 MW of neutral-beam heating, in a supershot discharge and 6.7 MW in a high-βp discharge following a current rampdown. The fusion power density in a core of the plasma is ≈2.8 MW m -3, exceeding that expected in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1991), Vol. 3, p. 239] at 1500 MW total fusion power. The energy confinement time, τE, is observed to increase in D-T, relative to D plasmas, by 20% and the n i(0) Ti(0) τE product by 55%. The improvement in thermal confinement is caused primarily by a decrease in ion heat conductivity in both supershot and limiter-H-mode discharges. Extensive lithium pellet injection increased the confinement time to 0.27 s and enabled higher current operation in both supershot and high-βp discharges. Ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) heating of a D-T plasma, using the second harmonic of tritium, has been demonstrated. First measurements of the confined alpha particles have been performed and found to be in good agreement with TRANSP [Nucl. Fusion 34, 1247 (1994)] simulations. Initial measurements of the alpha ash profile have been compared with simulations using particle transport coefficients from He gas puffing experiments. The loss of alpha particles to a detector at the bottom of the vessel is well described by the first-orbit loss mechanism. No loss due to alpha-particle-driven instabilities has yet been observed. D-T experiments on TFTR will continue to explore the assumptions of the ITER design and to examine some of the physics issues associated with an advanced tokamak reactor.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=36449000330&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=36449000330&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1063/1.871303

DO - 10.1063/1.871303

M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:36449000330

SN - 1070-664X

VL - 2

SP - 2176

EP - 2188

JO - Physics of Plasmas

JF - Physics of Plasmas

IS - 6

ER -

Review of deuterium-tritium results from the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

Abstract

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this