@article{fe5aac04583b41c9a4b1940851baf99c,
title = "Relating individual differences in nicotine dependence severity to underpinning motivational and pharmacological processes among smokers from vulnerable populations",
abstract = "We examined whether elucidating underpinning smoking motivation and related pharmacological processes enhances understanding of nicotine dependence among smokers from vulnerable populations. Data were obtained between Oct, 2016 and Sept, 2019 from 745 adult smokers with co-morbid psychiatric conditions or socioeconomic disadvantage at University of Vermont, Brown University, Johns Hopkins University. Smoking motivation was assessed using the Cigarette Purchase Task (CPT), a behavioral-economic task that models the relative reinforcing value of smoking under varying monetary constraint. Dependence severity was measured using the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI), Fagerstr{\"o}m Test for Nicotine Dependence total scores (FTND), and FTND total scores minus items 1 and 4 (FTND2,3,5,6). We also assessed associations between dependence severity and smoking motivation with nicotine levels and metabolism rate. Principal Component Analysis was used to examine the latent structure of the conventional five CPT indices; bivariate and multivariable modeling was used to test associations. Factor analysis resulted in a two-factor solution, Amplitude (demand unconstrained by price) and Persistence (price sensitivity). CPT latent factors were associated with each dependence-severity measure (ps ≤ 0.0001), with associations stronger for Amplitude than Persistence across each, especially HSI which was exclusively associated with Amplitude. Amplitude and each dependence measure were associated with nicotine intake (ps ≤ 0.0002); Persistence was not (p = .19). Demand Amplitude more than Persistence appears key to understanding individual differences in dependence severity. Regarding potential application, the results suggest a need for interventions that more effectively target demand Amplitude to make greater headway in reducing smoking in vulnerable populations. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: NCT02232737, NCT02250664, NCT02250534.",
keywords = "Cigarette purchase task, Cotinine, Fagerstr{\"o}m test for nicotine dependence, Heaviness of smoking index, Nicotine dependence, Relative reinforcing value, Vulnerable populations",
author = "Higgins, {Stephen T.} and Michael DeSarno and Davis, {Danielle R.} and Tyler Nighbor and Streck, {Joanna M.} and Shana Adise and Roxanne Harfmann and Riley Nesheim-Case and Catherine Markesich and Derek Reed and Tyndale, {Rachel F.} and Gaalema, {Diann E.} and Heil, {Sarah H.} and Sigmon, {Stacey C.} and Tidey, {Jennifer W.} and Villanti, {Andrea C.} and Dustin Lee and Hughes, {John R.} and Bunn, {Janice Y.}",
note = "Funding Information: This project was supported by Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science (TCORS) award ( U54DA036114 ) from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and Food and Drug Administration . Preparation of the report was also supported in part by a Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence award ( P20GM103644 ) from the National Institute on General Medical Sciences . The content of this report is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or Food and Drug Administration. Funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; or decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Funding Information: This project was supported by Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science (TCORS) award (U54DA036114) from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and Food and Drug Administration. Preparation of the report was also supported in part by a Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence award (P20GM103644) from the National Institute on General Medical Sciences. The content of this report is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or Food and Drug Administration. Funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; or decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Stephen T. Higgins, nothing to disclose. Michael DeSarno, nothing to disclose. Danielle R. Davis, nothing to disclose. Tyler Nighbor, nothing to disclose. Joanna M. Streck, nothing to disclose. Roxanne Harfmann, nothing to disclose. Shana Adise, nothing to disclose. Riley Nesheim-Case, nothing to disclose. Catherine Markesich, nothing to disclose. Derek Reed, nothing to disclose. Rachel F. Tyndale, has served as paid consultant to Apotex and received unrestricted research funding from Pzer. Diann E. Gaalema, nothing to disclose. Sarah H. Heil, nothing to disclose. Stacey C. Sigmon, nothing to disclose. Jennifer W. Tidey, nothing to disclose. Andrea C. Villanti, nothing to disclose. Dustin Lee, nothing to disclose. John R. Hughes, received consulting and speaking fees from several companies that develop or market pharmacologic and behavioral treatments for smoking cessation or harm reduction and from several nonprofit organizations that promote tobacco control and consulting for Swedish Match (without payment). Janice Y. Bunn, nothing to disclose. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier Inc. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2020",
month = nov,
doi = "10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106189",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "140",
journal = "Preventive Medicine",
issn = "0091-7435",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
}