@article{52baac53f0094800b3e399adc1391001,
title = "Regional differences in sorafenib-treated patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: GIDEON observational study",
abstract = "Background & Aims: Treatment approaches for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) vary across countries, but these differences and their potential impact on outcomes have not been comprehensively assessed. Data from the multinational GIDEON (Global Investigation of therapeutic DEcisions in HCC and Of its treatment with sorafeNib) registry evaluated differences in patient characteristics, practice patterns and outcomes in HCC across geographical regions in patients who received sorafenib. Methods: GIDEON is a non-randomised, observational registry study conducted in 39 countries across five global regions. HCC patients in whom a decision to treat with sorafenib was made in clinical practice and according to local practices were included. Results: 3202 patients were evaluable for safety analysis: Asia-Pacific (n = 928), Japan (n = 508), Europe (n = 1113), USA (n = 563) and Latin America (n = 90). Patients in Japan had earlier-stage disease at initial diagnosis compared with patients in other regions (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A; 43.7% vs 9.1–24.3%). Use of locoregional therapies before sorafenib, including transarterial chemoembolisation, was more common in Japan (84.4%) and Asia-Pacific (67.2%) compared with the USA (49.4%) and Europe (43.5%). Treatment patterns with respect to sorafenib also differed, with a shorter duration of treatment reported in the USA and Asia-Pacific. Time from initial diagnosis to death was longer in Japan compared with other regions (median, 79.6 months vs 14.8–25.0 months). Conclusions: Data from GIDEON highlight regional variations in the management of HCC and patient outcomes. Greater standardisation of management may help optimise outcomes for HCC patients.",
keywords = "GIDEON, Nexavar, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver, sorafenib",
author = "Masatoshi Kudo and Riccardo Lencioni and Marrero, {Jorge A.} and Venook, {Alan P.} and Bronowicki, {Jean Pierre} and Chen, {Xiao Ping} and Lucy Dagher and Junji Furuse and Geschwind, {Jean Francois H.} and {Ladr{\'o}n de Guevara}, Laura and Christos Papandreou and Sanyal, {Arun J.} and Tadatoshi Takayama and Yoon, {Seung Kew} and Keiko Nakajima and Robert Lehr and Stephanie Heldner and Ye, {Sheng Long}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank all clinical sites that contributed to the GIDEON study. The independent contract research organisation Kantar Health GmbH (Munich, Germany) was responsible for data capture, data management, data quality review and statistical reporting, overseen by Anja Laske and Dalila Lakbir at Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals. Tanja Torbica, PhD, at Complete HealthVizion provided assistance in the preparation and revision of the draft manuscript, based on detailed discussion and feedback from all the authors. Editorial assistance was funded by Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals. Financial support: The GIDEON study was funded by Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals and Onyx Pharmaceuticals, an Amgen subsidiary. Conflicts of interest: Professors Furuse and Geschwind have received honoraria for advisory arrangements and research grant support from Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals. Professor Marrero has received honoraria for advisory arrangements from Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals and Onyx Pharmaceuticals, an Amgen subsidiary. Professor Venook has received honoraria for advisory arrangements and research grant support from Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals and Onyx Pharmaceuticals, an Amgen subsidiary. Professors Lencioni and Bronowicki have received honoraria for advisory arrangements from Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals. Professor Papandreou has received research grant support from Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals. Dr Nakajima, Mr Lehr and Ms Heldner are employees of Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals. Dr Nakajima has stock ownership with Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals. Drs Kudo, Chen, Dagher, Ladr{\'o}n de Guevara, Sanyal, Takayama, Yoon and Ye have no relevant disclosures to report. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00812175 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00812175?term=GIDEON&rank=1) Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd",
year = "2016",
month = aug,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1111/liv.13096",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "36",
pages = "1196--1205",
journal = "Liver International",
issn = "1478-3223",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "8",
}