TY - JOUR
T1 - Regional anaesthesia techniques for carotid surgery
T2 - The state of art
AU - Ciccozzi, Alessandra
AU - Angeletti, Chiara
AU - Guetti, Cristiana
AU - Pergolizzi, Joseph
AU - Angeletti, Paolo Matteo
AU - Mariani, Roberta
AU - Marinangeli, Franco
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Purpose: This review will analyse some aspects of regional anaesthesia (RA) for carotid endarterectomy (CEA), a surgical procedure which requires a strict monitoring of patient's status. RA remains an important tool for the anaesthesiologist. Some debates remain about type and definition of regional anaesthesia, efficacy and safety of the different cervical block techniques, the right dose, concentration and volume of local anaesthetic, the use of adjuvants, the new perspectives: ultrasonography, the future directions. Methods: A literature search was performed for journal articles in English language in the PubMed Embase and in The Cochrane Library database, from January 2000 to December 2013. The electronic search strategy contained the following medical subject headings and free text terms: local anaesthesia versus general anaesthesia for endarterectomy, superficial and deep cervical block, complications of cervical nerve block, ultrasound guidance of superficial and deep cervical plexus block. Conclusions: The gold standard for RA will be achieved after overcoming a number of limitations by a more extensive use of ultrasonography, by combining general and regional anaesthesia, including conscious anaesthesia, by defining the appropriate volume, concentration and dosage of local agents and by addition of adjuvants.
AB - Purpose: This review will analyse some aspects of regional anaesthesia (RA) for carotid endarterectomy (CEA), a surgical procedure which requires a strict monitoring of patient's status. RA remains an important tool for the anaesthesiologist. Some debates remain about type and definition of regional anaesthesia, efficacy and safety of the different cervical block techniques, the right dose, concentration and volume of local anaesthetic, the use of adjuvants, the new perspectives: ultrasonography, the future directions. Methods: A literature search was performed for journal articles in English language in the PubMed Embase and in The Cochrane Library database, from January 2000 to December 2013. The electronic search strategy contained the following medical subject headings and free text terms: local anaesthesia versus general anaesthesia for endarterectomy, superficial and deep cervical block, complications of cervical nerve block, ultrasound guidance of superficial and deep cervical plexus block. Conclusions: The gold standard for RA will be achieved after overcoming a number of limitations by a more extensive use of ultrasonography, by combining general and regional anaesthesia, including conscious anaesthesia, by defining the appropriate volume, concentration and dosage of local agents and by addition of adjuvants.
KW - Carotid surgery
KW - Cervical plexus
KW - Local anaesthesia
KW - Ultrasonography
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U2 - 10.1007/s40477-014-0094-5
DO - 10.1007/s40477-014-0094-5
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84906701597
SN - 1971-3495
VL - 17
SP - 175
EP - 183
JO - Journal of Ultrasound
JF - Journal of Ultrasound
IS - 3
ER -