TY - JOUR
T1 - Refractive Errors in a Rural Chinese Adult Population. The Handan Eye Study
AU - Liang, Yuan Bo
AU - Wong, Tien Yin
AU - Sun, Lan Ping
AU - Tao, Qiu Shan
AU - Wang, Jie Jin
AU - Yang, Xiao Hui
AU - Xiong, Ying
AU - Wang, Ning Li
AU - Friedman, David S.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program), Grant 2007CB512201 from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Program of Health Policy for blindness prevention from Ministry of Health the People's Republic of China, Partially funded by the Key Technologies R&D Program. No.2006-10903 from Bureau of Science and Technology of Handan city, Hebei Province, China. With additional support from Beijing Tongren Hospital and the key discipline fund of Bureau of Health, Handan city, Hebei Province, China.
PY - 2009/11
Y1 - 2009/11
N2 - Purpose: To describe the prevalence of and risk factors for myopia and other refractive errors in a rural, adult, Chinese population. Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study. Participants: A clustered, random sampling procedure was used to select 7557 Chinese people aged ≥30 years from Handan, China. Methods: All eligible subjects were invited to undergo a comprehensive eye examination, including standardized refraction. Myopia, high myopia, and hyperopia were defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) in the right eye of more than -0.5 diopter (D), less than -5.0 D, and 0.5 D or more, respectively. Astigmatism was less than -0.5 D of cylinder. Anisometropia was defined as a difference in SE of >1.0 D between the 2 eyes. Only phakic eyes were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures: Myopia and other refractive errors. Results: We included 6491 (85.9% participation rate) eligible subjects in this study. Adjusted to the 2000 China population census, the prevalence rate of myopia was 26.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25.6-27.8), hyperopia 15.9 % (95% CI, 15.0-16.8), astigmatism 24.5% (95% CI, 23.5-25.5), and anisometropia 7.7% (95% CI, 7.0-8.4). The prevalence of high myopia was 1.8% (95% CI, 1.5-2.1). Using a multivariate regression model, current smoking (odds ratio [OR], 0.7, 95% CI, 0.5-0.9), hours of reading (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.4), diabetes (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 2.2-32.5), and number of family members with myopia (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7, for each family member) were associated with myopia in younger persons (30-49 years). High school or higher education (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.1), diabetes (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7), nuclear opacity (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.3), and number of family members with myopia (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.9) were risk factors in persons ≥50 years of age. Conclusions: Myopia affects more than one quarter of rural Chinese persons ≥30 years of age. Myopia is more common in younger people and is associated with different risk factors than in older people. Financial Disclosure(s): The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
AB - Purpose: To describe the prevalence of and risk factors for myopia and other refractive errors in a rural, adult, Chinese population. Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study. Participants: A clustered, random sampling procedure was used to select 7557 Chinese people aged ≥30 years from Handan, China. Methods: All eligible subjects were invited to undergo a comprehensive eye examination, including standardized refraction. Myopia, high myopia, and hyperopia were defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) in the right eye of more than -0.5 diopter (D), less than -5.0 D, and 0.5 D or more, respectively. Astigmatism was less than -0.5 D of cylinder. Anisometropia was defined as a difference in SE of >1.0 D between the 2 eyes. Only phakic eyes were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures: Myopia and other refractive errors. Results: We included 6491 (85.9% participation rate) eligible subjects in this study. Adjusted to the 2000 China population census, the prevalence rate of myopia was 26.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25.6-27.8), hyperopia 15.9 % (95% CI, 15.0-16.8), astigmatism 24.5% (95% CI, 23.5-25.5), and anisometropia 7.7% (95% CI, 7.0-8.4). The prevalence of high myopia was 1.8% (95% CI, 1.5-2.1). Using a multivariate regression model, current smoking (odds ratio [OR], 0.7, 95% CI, 0.5-0.9), hours of reading (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.4), diabetes (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 2.2-32.5), and number of family members with myopia (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7, for each family member) were associated with myopia in younger persons (30-49 years). High school or higher education (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.1), diabetes (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7), nuclear opacity (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.3), and number of family members with myopia (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.9) were risk factors in persons ≥50 years of age. Conclusions: Myopia affects more than one quarter of rural Chinese persons ≥30 years of age. Myopia is more common in younger people and is associated with different risk factors than in older people. Financial Disclosure(s): The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=70350567771&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=70350567771&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.04.040
DO - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.04.040
M3 - Article
C2 - 19744728
AN - SCOPUS:70350567771
VL - 116
SP - 2119
EP - 2127
JO - Ophthalmology
JF - Ophthalmology
SN - 0161-6420
IS - 11
ER -