Reduction in Weight and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes One-year results of the Look AHEAD trial

Mark Espeland, Xavier Pi-Sunyer, George Blackburn, Frederick L. Brancati, George A. Bray, Renee Bright, Jeanne M. Clark, Jeffrey M. Curtis, John P. Foreyt, Kathryn Graves, Steven M. Haffner, Barbara Harrison, James O. Hill, Edward S. Horton, John Jakicic, Robert W. Jeffery, Karen C. Johnson, Steven Kahn, David E. Kelley, Abbas E. KitabchiWilliam C. Knowler, Cora E. Lewis, Barbara J. Maschak-Carey, Brenda Montgomery, David M. Nathan, Jennifer Patricio, Anne Peters, J. Bruce Redmon, Rebecca S. Reeves, Donna H. Ryan, Monika Safford, Brent Van Dorsten, Thomas A. Wadden, Lynne Wagenknecht, Jacqueline Wesche-Thobaben, Rena R. Wing, Susan Z. Yanovski

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

1078 Scopus citations

Abstract

OBJECTIVE - The effectiveness of intentional weight loss in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in type 2 diabetes is unknown. This report describes 1-year changes in CVD risk factors in a trial designed to examine the long-term effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention on the incidence of major CVD events. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - This study consisted of a multicentered, randomized, controlled trial of 5,145 individuals with type 2 diabetes, aged 45-74 years, with BMI >25 kg/m2 (>27 kg/m 2 if taking insulin). An intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) involving group and individual meetings to achieve and maintain weight loss through decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity was compared with a diabetes support and education (DSE) condition. RESULTS - Participants assigned to ILI lost an average 8.6% of their initial weight vs. 0.7% in DSE group (P < 0.001). Mean fitness increased in ILI by 20.9 vs. 5.8% in DSE (P < 0.001). A greater proportion of ILI participants had reductions in diabetes, hypertension, and lipid-lowering medicines. Mean A1C dropped from 7.3 to 6.6% in ILI (P < 0.001) vs. from 7.3 to 7.2% in DSE. Systolic and diastolic pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio improved significantly more in ILI than DSE participants (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS - At 1 year, ILI resulted in clinically significant weight loss in people with type 2 diabetes. This was associated with improved diabetes control and CVD risk factors and reduced medicine use in ILI versus DSE. Continued intervention and follow-up will determine whether these changes are maintained and will reduce CVD risk.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1374-1383
Number of pages10
JournalDiabetes care
Volume30
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - May 2007

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Internal Medicine
  • Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
  • Advanced and Specialized Nursing

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