TY - JOUR
T1 - Reduced subcortical volumes among preschool-age girls and boys with ADHD
AU - Rosch, Keri S.
AU - Crocetti, Deana
AU - Hirabayashi, Kathryn
AU - Denckla, Martha B.
AU - Mostofsky, Stewart H.
AU - Mahone, E. Mark
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2018/1/30
Y1 - 2018/1/30
N2 - Anomalous brain structure and function are implicated in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Most neuroimaging research, however, has examined school-aged children, despite the typical onset of symptoms in early childhood. This study compared the volumes of subcortical structures (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus) among preschoolers with ADHD and typically developing (TD) children. High resolution T1-weighted 3D MPRAGE images covering the whole brain were acquired on a 3T scanner and subcortical volumes were automatically extracted. Analyses were conducted in a total of 87 medication-naïve preschoolers, ages 4–5 years (47 with ADHD, 40 controls; 63% boys). ADHD was diagnosed using modified DSM-IV criteria based on review of developmental history, structured psychiatric interview and caregiver ratings. Compared to typically developing children, subcortical volumes were reduced among preschoolers with ADHD, with largest reductions in the caudate, globus pallidus, and thalamus. Among girls (but not boys) with ADHD, putamen and thalamus volumes were associated with ADHD symptom severity. The observed patterns of subcortical differences in preschoolers with ADHD (larger reductions in girls), contrasted with differences observed among school-aged children, (larger reductions in boys) suggests that children with ADHD show sexual dimorphism in neuroanatomical development that parallels early trajectory of symptom onset and attenuation.
AB - Anomalous brain structure and function are implicated in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Most neuroimaging research, however, has examined school-aged children, despite the typical onset of symptoms in early childhood. This study compared the volumes of subcortical structures (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus) among preschoolers with ADHD and typically developing (TD) children. High resolution T1-weighted 3D MPRAGE images covering the whole brain were acquired on a 3T scanner and subcortical volumes were automatically extracted. Analyses were conducted in a total of 87 medication-naïve preschoolers, ages 4–5 years (47 with ADHD, 40 controls; 63% boys). ADHD was diagnosed using modified DSM-IV criteria based on review of developmental history, structured psychiatric interview and caregiver ratings. Compared to typically developing children, subcortical volumes were reduced among preschoolers with ADHD, with largest reductions in the caudate, globus pallidus, and thalamus. Among girls (but not boys) with ADHD, putamen and thalamus volumes were associated with ADHD symptom severity. The observed patterns of subcortical differences in preschoolers with ADHD (larger reductions in girls), contrasted with differences observed among school-aged children, (larger reductions in boys) suggests that children with ADHD show sexual dimorphism in neuroanatomical development that parallels early trajectory of symptom onset and attenuation.
KW - Basal ganglia
KW - Development
KW - MRI
KW - Neuroanatomy
KW - Sex differences
KW - Thalamus
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85034807294&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85034807294&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.10.013
DO - 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.10.013
M3 - Article
C2 - 29162300
AN - SCOPUS:85034807294
SN - 0925-4927
VL - 271
SP - 67
EP - 74
JO - Psychiatry Research - Neuroimaging
JF - Psychiatry Research - Neuroimaging
ER -