TY - JOUR
T1 - Recreational drug use
T2 - A neglected risk factor for end-stage renal disease
AU - Perneger, Thomas V.
AU - Klag, Michael J.
AU - Whelton, Paul K.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported in part by grant no. 3233-32609.91 from the Swiss National Science Foundation; American Heart Association; National Kidney Foundation; grant no. R03 HS 06978-01 from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; General Clinical Resarch Center (GCRC) grants no. 5MOIRR00722 and RR00035 from the National Center for Research Resources; and a Health of the Public Award from the Pew Charitable Trusts and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
Copyright:
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - Case series have suggested that heroin and cocaine users are at increased risk for renal failure, but the contribution of heroin and other addictive drugs to the incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the general population remains unknown. To clarify this issue, we conducted a case-control study in the general population to examine associations between drug use and treated ESRD. Cases were 716 patients who started therapy for ESRD in 1991, identified through a regional registry. Controls were 361 persons of similar age (20 to 65 years) selected by random digit dialing. Main risk factors examined were the lifetime use of heroin, cocaine, and other addictive drugs, assessed by telephone interview. After adjustment for age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, and history of hypertension and diabetes, persons who had ever used heroin or other opiates (any amount) were at increased risk for ESRD (adjusted odds ratio, 19.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 208.7). After adjustment for the same sociodemographic and medical history variables, the use of cocaine or crack and psychedelic drugs was also associated with ESRD, but these associations could not be separated from the effects of heroin use.
AB - Case series have suggested that heroin and cocaine users are at increased risk for renal failure, but the contribution of heroin and other addictive drugs to the incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the general population remains unknown. To clarify this issue, we conducted a case-control study in the general population to examine associations between drug use and treated ESRD. Cases were 716 patients who started therapy for ESRD in 1991, identified through a regional registry. Controls were 361 persons of similar age (20 to 65 years) selected by random digit dialing. Main risk factors examined were the lifetime use of heroin, cocaine, and other addictive drugs, assessed by telephone interview. After adjustment for age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, and history of hypertension and diabetes, persons who had ever used heroin or other opiates (any amount) were at increased risk for ESRD (adjusted odds ratio, 19.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 208.7). After adjustment for the same sociodemographic and medical history variables, the use of cocaine or crack and psychedelic drugs was also associated with ESRD, but these associations could not be separated from the effects of heroin use.
KW - Addictive substances
KW - Case-control studies
KW - Chronic kidney failure
KW - End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Heroin
KW - Opiates
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U2 - 10.1053/ajkd.2001.25181
DO - 10.1053/ajkd.2001.25181
M3 - Article
C2 - 11431181
AN - SCOPUS:0034964295
SN - 0272-6386
VL - 38
SP - 49
EP - 56
JO - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
JF - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
IS - 1
ER -