TY - JOUR
T1 - Recombinant viruses and early global HIV-1 epidemic
AU - Kalish, Marcia L.
AU - Robbins, Kenneth E.
AU - Pieniazek, Danuta
AU - Schaefer, Amanda
AU - Nzilambi, Nzila
AU - Quinn, Thomas C.
AU - St. Louis, Michael E.
AU - Youngpairoj, Ae S.
AU - Phillips, Jonathan
AU - Jaffe, Harold W.
AU - Folks, Thomas M.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2004/7
Y1 - 2004/7
N2 - Central Africa was the epicenter of the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic. Understanding the early epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly Zaire, could provide insight into how HIV evolved and assist vaccine design and intervention efforts. Using enzyme immunosorbent assays, we tested 3,988 serum samples collected in Kinshasa in the mid-1980s and confirmed seroreactivity by Western blot. Polymerase chain reaction of gag p17, env C2V3C3, and/or gp41; DNA sequencing; and genetic analyses were performed. Gene regions representing all the HIV-1 group M clades and unclassifiable sequences were found. From two or three short gene regions, 37% of the strains represented recombinant viruses, multiple infections, or both, which suggests that if whole genome sequences were available, most of these strains would have mosaic genomes. We propose that the HIV epidemic was well established in central Africa by the early 1980s and that some recombinant viruses most likely seeded the early global epidemic.
AB - Central Africa was the epicenter of the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic. Understanding the early epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly Zaire, could provide insight into how HIV evolved and assist vaccine design and intervention efforts. Using enzyme immunosorbent assays, we tested 3,988 serum samples collected in Kinshasa in the mid-1980s and confirmed seroreactivity by Western blot. Polymerase chain reaction of gag p17, env C2V3C3, and/or gp41; DNA sequencing; and genetic analyses were performed. Gene regions representing all the HIV-1 group M clades and unclassifiable sequences were found. From two or three short gene regions, 37% of the strains represented recombinant viruses, multiple infections, or both, which suggests that if whole genome sequences were available, most of these strains would have mosaic genomes. We propose that the HIV epidemic was well established in central Africa by the early 1980s and that some recombinant viruses most likely seeded the early global epidemic.
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M3 - Article
C2 - 15324542
AN - SCOPUS:3042826110
SN - 1080-6040
VL - 10
SP - 1227
EP - 1234
JO - Emerging infectious diseases
JF - Emerging infectious diseases
IS - 7
ER -