@article{5481a55ca71540d69a93b58f2d0b9d5a,
title = "Real-time, functional intra-operative localization of rat cavernous nerve network using near-infrared cyanine voltage-sensitive dye imaging",
abstract = "Despite current progress achieved in the surgical technique of radical prostatectomy, post-operative complications such as erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence persist at high incidence rates. In this paper, we present a methodology for functional intra-operative localization of the cavernous nerve (CN) network for nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy using near-infrared cyanine voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging, which visualizes membrane potential variations in the CN and its branches (CNB) in real time. As a proof-of-concept experiment, we demonstrate a functioning complex nerve network in response to electrical stimulation of the CN, which was clearly differentiated from surrounding tissues in an in vivo rat prostate model. Stimulation of an erection was confirmed by correlative intracavernosal pressure (ICP) monitoring. Within 10 minutes, we performed trans-fascial staining of the CN by direct VSD administration. Our findings suggest the applicability of VSD imaging for real-time, functional imaging guidance during nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy.",
author = "Jeeun Kang and Hanh, {Hanh N.} and Serkan Karakus and Malla, {Adarsha P.} and Harraz, {Maged M.} and Kang, {Jin U.} and Burnett, {Arthur L.} and Boctor, {Emad M.}",
note = "Funding Information: Financial support was provided by the NIH Brain Initiative under Grant No. R24MH106083-03, the NIH National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering under Grant No. R01EB01963, the NIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases under Grant No. R56DK114095, and NIH National Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood under grant number R01HL139543. Jeeun Kang, Ph.D. is supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2018R1A6A3A03011551) and Early Investigator Research Award, Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs, U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), United States (W81XWH-18-1-0188). Serkan Karakus, M.D., is supported by grant from the National Institutes of Health, USA (NIH/NIDDK grant R56DK114095 to A.L.B.). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020, The Author(s).",
year = "2020",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/s41598-020-63588-2",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "10",
journal = "Scientific Reports",
issn = "2045-2322",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}