TY - JOUR
T1 - Rapid spread of Vibrio cholerae O1 throughout Kenya, 2005
AU - Mugoya, Isaac
AU - Kariuki, Samuel
AU - Galgalo, Tura
AU - Njuguna, Charles
AU - Omollo, Jared
AU - Njoroge, Jackson
AU - Kalani, Rosalia
AU - Nzioka, Charles
AU - Tetteh, Christopher
AU - Bedno, Sheryl
AU - Breiman, Robert F.
AU - Feikin, Daniel R.
PY - 2008/3
Y1 - 2008/3
N2 - Between January and June 2005, 5 distinct cholera outbreaks occurred in Kenya. Overall, 990 cases and 25 deaths (2.5%) were reported. Four outbreaks occurred in towns along major highways, and 1 occurred in a refugee camp near the Sudanese border, accessible to Nairobi by daily flights. Matched case-control studies from 2 outbreaks showed that failure to treat drinking water and storing drinking water in wide-mouthed containers were significantly associated with disease. Isolates from all 5 outbreaks were Vibrio cholerae O1, Inaba serotype, and had genetically similar PFGE patterns of SfiI-digested chromosomal DNA. Linkage of the outbreak locations by major transportation routes, their temporal proximity, and similar PFGE patterns of isolates suggests the outbreaks might have been linked epidemiologically, showing the speed and distance of cholera spread in countries like Kenya with pockets of susceptible populations connected by modern transportation. Prevention measures remain implementation of point-of-use safe water systems and case finding and referral.
AB - Between January and June 2005, 5 distinct cholera outbreaks occurred in Kenya. Overall, 990 cases and 25 deaths (2.5%) were reported. Four outbreaks occurred in towns along major highways, and 1 occurred in a refugee camp near the Sudanese border, accessible to Nairobi by daily flights. Matched case-control studies from 2 outbreaks showed that failure to treat drinking water and storing drinking water in wide-mouthed containers were significantly associated with disease. Isolates from all 5 outbreaks were Vibrio cholerae O1, Inaba serotype, and had genetically similar PFGE patterns of SfiI-digested chromosomal DNA. Linkage of the outbreak locations by major transportation routes, their temporal proximity, and similar PFGE patterns of isolates suggests the outbreaks might have been linked epidemiologically, showing the speed and distance of cholera spread in countries like Kenya with pockets of susceptible populations connected by modern transportation. Prevention measures remain implementation of point-of-use safe water systems and case finding and referral.
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U2 - 10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.527
DO - 10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.527
M3 - Article
C2 - 18337355
AN - SCOPUS:42949143052
SN - 0002-9637
VL - 78
SP - 527
EP - 533
JO - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
IS - 3
ER -