TY - JOUR
T1 - Race/Ethnicity Moderates Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Diet Composition Among U.S. Adults
AU - Vrany, Elizabeth A.
AU - Polanka, Brittanny M.
AU - Hsueh, Loretta
AU - Hill-Briggs, Felicia
AU - Stewart, Jesse C.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Psychological Association
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Although depression is associated with poorer overall diet quality, few studies have examined its association with levels of particular macronutrients, and none have examined moderation by race/ethnicity. The present study examined (a) associations between depressive symptom severity and nine indices of diet composition and (b) whether race/ethnicity moderates these associations. Method:Participants were 28,940 adults (mean age = 49 years, 52% female, 52% nonwhite) from NHANES 2005–2018. Depressive symptom severity was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Nine diet composition indices were derived from the average of two 24-hr dietary recalls(e.g., total energy, total fat, saturated fat, total carbohydrate, sugar, fiber, and protein). Results: Separate linear regression analyses revealed that PHQ-9 total was positively associated with saturated fat and sugar and negatively associated with protein and fiber. Moderation by race/ethnicity was observed(interaction ps,.05). Among non-Hispanic Whites, PHQ-9 total was positively associated with sugar and negatively associated with protein and fiber. Among non-Hispanic Blacks, PHQ-9 total was positively associated with total energy, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, total carbohydrate, and sugar. Among Mexican Americans, PHQ-9 was positively associated with saturated fat. Among other Hispanics, PHQ-9 total was negatively associated with fiber, protein, and total, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fat. Conclusions: Findings from this large, nationally representative sample demonstrate that associations between depressive symptom severity and diet composition vary by race/ethnicity. Critically, an unhealthy diet composition pattern may be one mechanism explaining the excess risk of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in individuals with depression, especially in non-Hispanic Blacks.
AB - Although depression is associated with poorer overall diet quality, few studies have examined its association with levels of particular macronutrients, and none have examined moderation by race/ethnicity. The present study examined (a) associations between depressive symptom severity and nine indices of diet composition and (b) whether race/ethnicity moderates these associations. Method:Participants were 28,940 adults (mean age = 49 years, 52% female, 52% nonwhite) from NHANES 2005–2018. Depressive symptom severity was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Nine diet composition indices were derived from the average of two 24-hr dietary recalls(e.g., total energy, total fat, saturated fat, total carbohydrate, sugar, fiber, and protein). Results: Separate linear regression analyses revealed that PHQ-9 total was positively associated with saturated fat and sugar and negatively associated with protein and fiber. Moderation by race/ethnicity was observed(interaction ps,.05). Among non-Hispanic Whites, PHQ-9 total was positively associated with sugar and negatively associated with protein and fiber. Among non-Hispanic Blacks, PHQ-9 total was positively associated with total energy, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, total carbohydrate, and sugar. Among Mexican Americans, PHQ-9 was positively associated with saturated fat. Among other Hispanics, PHQ-9 total was negatively associated with fiber, protein, and total, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fat. Conclusions: Findings from this large, nationally representative sample demonstrate that associations between depressive symptom severity and diet composition vary by race/ethnicity. Critically, an unhealthy diet composition pattern may be one mechanism explaining the excess risk of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in individuals with depression, especially in non-Hispanic Blacks.
KW - depression
KW - food
KW - health status disparities
KW - population groups
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U2 - 10.1037/hea0001078
DO - 10.1037/hea0001078
M3 - Article
C2 - 34618499
AN - SCOPUS:85118012149
SN - 0278-6133
VL - 40
SP - 513
EP - 522
JO - Health Psychology
JF - Health Psychology
IS - 8
ER -