Pyrethroid and carbamate resistance in anopheles funestus Giles along Lake Kariba in Southern Zambia

Javan Chanda, Kochelani Saili, Foustina Phiri, Jennifer C. Stevenson, Mulenga Mwenda, Sandra Chishimba, Conceptor Mulube, Brenda Mambwe, Christopher Lungu, Duncan Earle, Adam Bennett, Thomas P. Eisele, Mulakwa Kamuliwo, Richard W. Steketee, Joseph Keating, John M. Miller, Chadwick H. Sikaala

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Whereas data on insecticide resistance and its underlying mechanisms exist for parts of Zambia, data remain limited in the southern part of the country. This study investigated the status of insecticide resistance, metabolic mechanisms, and parasite infection in Anopheles funestus along Lake Kariba in southern Zambia. Indoor-resting mosquitoes were collected from 20 randomly selected houses within clusters where a mass drug administration trial was conducted and raised to F1 progeny. Non-blood-fed 2- to 5-day-old female An. funestus were exposed to WHO insecticide-impregnated papers with 0.05% deltamethrin, 0.1% bendiocarb, 0.25% pirimiphos-methyl, or 4% dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT). In separate assays, An. funestus were pre-exposed to piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to determine the presence of monooxygenases. Wild-caught An. funestus that had laid eggs for susceptibility assays were screened for circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum by ELISA, and sibling species were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Anopheles funestus showed resistance to deltamethrin and bendiocarb but remained susceptible to pirimiphos-methyl and DDT. The pre-exposure of An. funestus to PBO restored full susceptibility to deltamethrin but not to bendiocarb. The overall sporozoite infection rate in An. funestus populations was 5.8%. Detection of pyrethroid and carbamate resistance in An. funestus calls for increased insecticide resistance monitoring to guide planning and selection of effective insecticide resistance management strategies. To prevent the development of resistance and reduce the underlying vectorial capacity of mosquitoes in areas targeted for malaria elimination, an effective integrated vector management strategy is needed.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)90-97
Number of pages8
JournalAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Volume103
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 2020

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Parasitology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

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