TY - JOUR
T1 - Pyrethroid and carbamate resistance in anopheles funestus Giles along Lake Kariba in Southern Zambia
AU - Chanda, Javan
AU - Saili, Kochelani
AU - Phiri, Foustina
AU - Stevenson, Jennifer C.
AU - Mwenda, Mulenga
AU - Chishimba, Sandra
AU - Mulube, Conceptor
AU - Mambwe, Brenda
AU - Lungu, Christopher
AU - Earle, Duncan
AU - Bennett, Adam
AU - Eisele, Thomas P.
AU - Kamuliwo, Mulakwa
AU - Steketee, Richard W.
AU - Keating, Joseph
AU - Miller, John M.
AU - Sikaala, Chadwick H.
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support: This work was supported by funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through a grant to the PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA) and the Entomological Surveillance Department in Zambia.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2020 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
PY - 2020/8
Y1 - 2020/8
N2 - Whereas data on insecticide resistance and its underlying mechanisms exist for parts of Zambia, data remain limited in the southern part of the country. This study investigated the status of insecticide resistance, metabolic mechanisms, and parasite infection in Anopheles funestus along Lake Kariba in southern Zambia. Indoor-resting mosquitoes were collected from 20 randomly selected houses within clusters where a mass drug administration trial was conducted and raised to F1 progeny. Non-blood-fed 2- to 5-day-old female An. funestus were exposed to WHO insecticide-impregnated papers with 0.05% deltamethrin, 0.1% bendiocarb, 0.25% pirimiphos-methyl, or 4% dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT). In separate assays, An. funestus were pre-exposed to piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to determine the presence of monooxygenases. Wild-caught An. funestus that had laid eggs for susceptibility assays were screened for circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum by ELISA, and sibling species were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Anopheles funestus showed resistance to deltamethrin and bendiocarb but remained susceptible to pirimiphos-methyl and DDT. The pre-exposure of An. funestus to PBO restored full susceptibility to deltamethrin but not to bendiocarb. The overall sporozoite infection rate in An. funestus populations was 5.8%. Detection of pyrethroid and carbamate resistance in An. funestus calls for increased insecticide resistance monitoring to guide planning and selection of effective insecticide resistance management strategies. To prevent the development of resistance and reduce the underlying vectorial capacity of mosquitoes in areas targeted for malaria elimination, an effective integrated vector management strategy is needed.
AB - Whereas data on insecticide resistance and its underlying mechanisms exist for parts of Zambia, data remain limited in the southern part of the country. This study investigated the status of insecticide resistance, metabolic mechanisms, and parasite infection in Anopheles funestus along Lake Kariba in southern Zambia. Indoor-resting mosquitoes were collected from 20 randomly selected houses within clusters where a mass drug administration trial was conducted and raised to F1 progeny. Non-blood-fed 2- to 5-day-old female An. funestus were exposed to WHO insecticide-impregnated papers with 0.05% deltamethrin, 0.1% bendiocarb, 0.25% pirimiphos-methyl, or 4% dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT). In separate assays, An. funestus were pre-exposed to piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to determine the presence of monooxygenases. Wild-caught An. funestus that had laid eggs for susceptibility assays were screened for circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum by ELISA, and sibling species were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Anopheles funestus showed resistance to deltamethrin and bendiocarb but remained susceptible to pirimiphos-methyl and DDT. The pre-exposure of An. funestus to PBO restored full susceptibility to deltamethrin but not to bendiocarb. The overall sporozoite infection rate in An. funestus populations was 5.8%. Detection of pyrethroid and carbamate resistance in An. funestus calls for increased insecticide resistance monitoring to guide planning and selection of effective insecticide resistance management strategies. To prevent the development of resistance and reduce the underlying vectorial capacity of mosquitoes in areas targeted for malaria elimination, an effective integrated vector management strategy is needed.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85089302140&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85089302140&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0664
DO - 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0664
M3 - Article
C2 - 32618244
AN - SCOPUS:85089302140
SN - 0002-9637
VL - 103
SP - 90
EP - 97
JO - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
IS - 2
ER -