@article{fdb70ec3e84c4a7b82c05f3a738e6ca5,
title = "Progress in the development of human parainfluenza virus vaccines",
abstract = "In children under 5 years of age, human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) as a group are the second most common etiology of acute respiratory illness leading to hospitalization, surpassed only by respiratory syncytial virus but ahead of influenza viruses. Using reverse genetics systems for HPIV serotypes 1, 2 and 3 (HPIV1, 2 and 3), several live-attenuated HPIVs have been generated and evaluated as intranasal vaccines in adults and in children. Two vaccines against HPIV3 were found to be well tolerated, infectious and immunogenic in Phase I trials in HPIV3-seronegative infants and children and should progress to proof-of-concept trials. Vaccines against HPIV1 and HPIV2 are less advanced and have just entered pediatric trials.",
keywords = "acute respiratory illness, clinical trial, intranasal, live-attenuated, parainfluenza virus vaccine, pediatric, vaccine",
author = "Schmidt, {Alexander C.} and Anne Schaap-Nutt and Bartlett, {Emmalene J.} and Henrick Schomacker and Jim Boonyaratanakornkit and Karron, {Ruth A.} and Collins, {Peter L.}",
note = "Funding Information: Many of the studies reviewed here were supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health. NIAID-sponsored clinical trials were conducted as part of research contracts between NIAID and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (JHSPH). We would like to thank all of the clinical research teams for their excellent work. Since 2006, NIAID and MedImmune have a collaborative research and development agreement for the development of RSV, HPIV and HMPV vaccines in place. We are grateful to be part of this collaboration. Brian Murphy led the PIV vaccine development program until 2010 and we appreciate his leadership and support. Sonja Surman was instrumental in generating vaccine seed viruses and Mario Skiadopoulos oversaw the preclinical research and development of a many PIV vaccine candidates. Finally, we would like to thank the many individuals and families who participated in the investigational vaccine studies reviewed here.",
year = "2011",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1586/ers.11.32",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "5",
pages = "515--526",
journal = "Expert review of respiratory medicine",
issn = "1747-6348",
publisher = "Expert Reviews Ltd.",
number = "4",
}