TY - JOUR
T1 - Primary HIV-1 drug resistance and polymorphic patterns among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Chennai, southern India
AU - Iqbal, H. Syed
AU - Solomon, Sunil S.
AU - Madhavan, Vidya
AU - Solomon, Suniti
AU - Balakrishnan, P.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2009/9
Y1 - 2009/9
N2 - Background and Objective: India has 1.1 million injecting drug users (IDUs) with an HIV prevalence rate as high as 64%. Drug resistance screening before therapy is beneficial to the individual. Here, we have studied primary drug resistance among IDUs in Chennai. Methods: Specimens (n = 55) collected between March 2005 and April 2006 were subjected to genotyping assay. The mutations for the drug resistance were interpreted using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database. Results: M41LM (1.8%), K65KN (1.8%), and G73GS (2.7%) were found to be associated with low-level resistance to zidovudine (ZDV), stavudine (d4T), abacavir (ABC), didanosine (ddI), emtricitabine (FTC), tenofovir (TDF), and saquinavir (SQV) in each specimen. The rate of polymorphisms is significantly different from universally established subtype "C"-specific polymorphisms (P <.0001). Conclusion: The presence of drug resistance mutations, though minimal, is alarming as it could spread easily between IDUs and from them to their sexual partners. The genetic variation is of importance in vaccine design.
AB - Background and Objective: India has 1.1 million injecting drug users (IDUs) with an HIV prevalence rate as high as 64%. Drug resistance screening before therapy is beneficial to the individual. Here, we have studied primary drug resistance among IDUs in Chennai. Methods: Specimens (n = 55) collected between March 2005 and April 2006 were subjected to genotyping assay. The mutations for the drug resistance were interpreted using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database. Results: M41LM (1.8%), K65KN (1.8%), and G73GS (2.7%) were found to be associated with low-level resistance to zidovudine (ZDV), stavudine (d4T), abacavir (ABC), didanosine (ddI), emtricitabine (FTC), tenofovir (TDF), and saquinavir (SQV) in each specimen. The rate of polymorphisms is significantly different from universally established subtype "C"-specific polymorphisms (P <.0001). Conclusion: The presence of drug resistance mutations, though minimal, is alarming as it could spread easily between IDUs and from them to their sexual partners. The genetic variation is of importance in vaccine design.
KW - HIV-1
KW - HIV-1 polymorphism
KW - injecting drug users
KW - primary drug resistance
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U2 - 10.1177/1545109709341854
DO - 10.1177/1545109709341854
M3 - Article
C2 - 19721100
AN - SCOPUS:75349114190
SN - 1545-1097
VL - 8
SP - 323
EP - 327
JO - Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care
JF - Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care
IS - 5
ER -