@article{6ba10df2497741c38e05bfd575cf1c5d,
title = "Prevalence of Tympanic Membrane Perforations Among Adolescents, Adults, and Older Adults in the United States",
abstract = "Tympanic membrane (TM) perforations can occur at any age, but limited population-level data are available. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of the prevalence and population estimates for TM perforations among individuals ≥12 years old in the United States. Overall, TM perforations have a prevalence of 2.1% (95% CI, 1.7%-2.6%), corresponding to 5.8 million Americans. Across the life course, older adults have the highest prevalence of TM perforations at 6.1% (95% CI, 4.7%-7.6%), corresponding to nearly 3 million Americans, as opposed to a prevalence of 0.6% (95% CI, 0.3%-0.9%) in adolescents, which equates to 0.2 million Americans. Males and females have a similar prevalence at 2.3% (95% CI, 1.6%-3.0%) among males and 2.0% (95% CI, 1.4%-2.6%) among females. These prevalence and population estimates provide the first US-based population estimates of the burden of TM perforations over the life course.",
keywords = "TM, perforation, prevalence, tympanic membrane",
author = "Kim, {Alexander S.} and Betz, {Joshua F.} and Reed, {Nicholas S.} and Ward, {Bryan K.} and Nieman, {Carrie L.}",
note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by grant K23AG059900 from the National Institute on Aging (Carrie L. Nieman) and grant K23DC018302 from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (Bryan K. Ward). The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders helped fund the hearing component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and had input into the design and conduct of the study and the collection and management of the data with regard to the hearing questions and examination. Other than the authors, the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health had no role in the design, analysis, and interpretation of the secondary analysis of data; preparation, review, and approval of the manuscript; and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Funding Information: This study was supported by grant K23AG059900 from the National Institute on Aging (Carrie L. Nieman) and grant K23DC018302 from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (Bryan K. Ward). The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders helped fund the hearing component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and had input into the design and conduct of the study and the collection and management of the data with regard to the hearing questions and examination. Other than the authors, the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health had no role in the design, analysis, and interpretation of the secondary analysis of data; preparation, review, and approval of the manuscript; and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation 2021.",
year = "2022",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1177/01945998211062153",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "167",
pages = "356--358",
journal = "Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery",
issn = "0194-5998",
publisher = "Mosby Inc.",
number = "2",
}