TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Rural China
T2 - The Handan Eye Study
AU - Wang, Feng Hua
AU - Liang, Yuan Bo
AU - Zhang, Feng
AU - Wang, Jie Jin
AU - Wei, Wen Bin
AU - Tao, Qiu Shan
AU - Sun, Lan Ping
AU - Friedman, David S.
AU - Wang, Ning Li
AU - Wong, Tien Yin
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2007CB512201) from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the P.R. China, and the Program of Health Policy for blindness prevention from P.R. China. Partially founded by the Key Technologies R&D Program (No. 2006–10903) from the Bureau of Science and Technology of Handan City, P.R. China. With additional support from Beijing Tongren Hospital and key discipline fund of Bureau of Health, Handan City, P.R. China.
PY - 2009/3
Y1 - 2009/3
N2 - Purpose: To describe the age- and gender-specific prevalence, characteristics, and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a rural population in northern China. Design: A population-based cross-sectional study. Participants: A total of 6830 Han Chinese aged 30 years and older from 13 villages of Yongnian County, Handan City, Hebei Province, China. Methods: All participants underwent a standardized interview, a comprehensive eye examination, and fasting blood glucose testing according to the American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria (fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l). Retinal photographs obtained after pupil dilation were graded for the presence and severity of DR according to the modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study classification system. Main Outcome Measures: Any DR, retinopathy grades, macular edema, or vision-threatening retinopathy. Results: Of the 6830 eligible individuals participating in the study, 5597 (81.9%) had fasting blood glucose results available. Of these, 387 participants (6.9%) were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, including 247 subjects with new diabetes mellitus (NDM) and 140 subjects with known diabetes mellitus (KDM). For these, gradable photographs were available for 368 subjects (95.1%). The overall prevalence of DR was 43.1% (95% confidence interval, 38.1-48.4) and was higher in persons with KDM (65.2%) than NDM (33.5%). The prevalence of proliferative DR, macular edema, and vision-threatening retinopathy was 1.6%, 5.2%, and 6.3%, respectively, with 12.1% with KDM having untreated vision-threatening DR. No age- or gender-related differences were present. The prevalence of DR was strongly related to duration of disease. Conclusions: Our study reports a high prevalence of DR among adults 30 years and older with diabetes in rural China. On the basis of estimates obtained from our study, we projected that in rural China, 21.1 million persons aged 30+ years have diabetes and 9.2 million have DR, including 1.3 million with vision-threatening DR. There is a pressing need for appropriate screening and management of diabetes and its complications in rural China. Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
AB - Purpose: To describe the age- and gender-specific prevalence, characteristics, and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a rural population in northern China. Design: A population-based cross-sectional study. Participants: A total of 6830 Han Chinese aged 30 years and older from 13 villages of Yongnian County, Handan City, Hebei Province, China. Methods: All participants underwent a standardized interview, a comprehensive eye examination, and fasting blood glucose testing according to the American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria (fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l). Retinal photographs obtained after pupil dilation were graded for the presence and severity of DR according to the modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study classification system. Main Outcome Measures: Any DR, retinopathy grades, macular edema, or vision-threatening retinopathy. Results: Of the 6830 eligible individuals participating in the study, 5597 (81.9%) had fasting blood glucose results available. Of these, 387 participants (6.9%) were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, including 247 subjects with new diabetes mellitus (NDM) and 140 subjects with known diabetes mellitus (KDM). For these, gradable photographs were available for 368 subjects (95.1%). The overall prevalence of DR was 43.1% (95% confidence interval, 38.1-48.4) and was higher in persons with KDM (65.2%) than NDM (33.5%). The prevalence of proliferative DR, macular edema, and vision-threatening retinopathy was 1.6%, 5.2%, and 6.3%, respectively, with 12.1% with KDM having untreated vision-threatening DR. No age- or gender-related differences were present. The prevalence of DR was strongly related to duration of disease. Conclusions: Our study reports a high prevalence of DR among adults 30 years and older with diabetes in rural China. On the basis of estimates obtained from our study, we projected that in rural China, 21.1 million persons aged 30+ years have diabetes and 9.2 million have DR, including 1.3 million with vision-threatening DR. There is a pressing need for appropriate screening and management of diabetes and its complications in rural China. Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.10.003
DO - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.10.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 19168222
AN - SCOPUS:61349100111
SN - 0161-6420
VL - 116
SP - 461
EP - 467
JO - Ophthalmology
JF - Ophthalmology
IS - 3
ER -