TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of depression and its associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes
T2 - A cross-sectional study in Dhaka, Bangladesh
AU - Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
AU - Rawal, Lal B.
AU - Niessen, Louis W.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2015/10/1
Y1 - 2015/10/1
N2 - Depression is a common feature in patients with type 2 diabetes and often remains undetected and untreated, causing increased morbidity and mortality. We explored the prevalence of co-morbid depression and its associated factors, including major life-events among patients with type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 515 patients with type 2 diabetes between September 2013 and July 2014 in a tertiary hospital in Dhaka city. We assessed depression using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) with predefined cut-off scores of 5, 10, 15 and 20 to indicate minimal, mild, moderate, moderately-severe, and severe depression. Associations between depression and its associated factors were explored using univariate and multivariate regression. Overall, 61.9% participants had depressive symptoms, and the prevalence was higher among females (70.9%) compared to males (50.6%). One-third (35.7%) of participants had mild depression and 36.2% had moderate to severe depression. In the multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with depression were: age. ≤60 years (OR: 2.1, 95% CI =1.2-3.6; p≤0.006), female gender (OR =1.9, 95% CI =1.3-3.0; p≤0.002), those having 1-3 complications (OR =2.3, 95% CI =1.2-4.3; p=0.010), experienced loss of business or crop failure (OR =2.1, 95% CI =1.2-3.6; p=0.006), major family conflicts (OR =2.2, 95% CI =1.4-3.5; p≤0.001), separation or deaths of family members or divorce (OR =2.2, 95% CI =1.4-3.5; p≤0.001), and those who experienced unavailability of food or medicines (OR =2.2, 95% CI =1.0-4.5; p=0.038). Patients with diabetes, especially females, those having other complications, and major life-events should routinely be screened for symptoms of depression with adequate management of these conditions.
AB - Depression is a common feature in patients with type 2 diabetes and often remains undetected and untreated, causing increased morbidity and mortality. We explored the prevalence of co-morbid depression and its associated factors, including major life-events among patients with type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 515 patients with type 2 diabetes between September 2013 and July 2014 in a tertiary hospital in Dhaka city. We assessed depression using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) with predefined cut-off scores of 5, 10, 15 and 20 to indicate minimal, mild, moderate, moderately-severe, and severe depression. Associations between depression and its associated factors were explored using univariate and multivariate regression. Overall, 61.9% participants had depressive symptoms, and the prevalence was higher among females (70.9%) compared to males (50.6%). One-third (35.7%) of participants had mild depression and 36.2% had moderate to severe depression. In the multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with depression were: age. ≤60 years (OR: 2.1, 95% CI =1.2-3.6; p≤0.006), female gender (OR =1.9, 95% CI =1.3-3.0; p≤0.002), those having 1-3 complications (OR =2.3, 95% CI =1.2-4.3; p=0.010), experienced loss of business or crop failure (OR =2.1, 95% CI =1.2-3.6; p=0.006), major family conflicts (OR =2.2, 95% CI =1.4-3.5; p≤0.001), separation or deaths of family members or divorce (OR =2.2, 95% CI =1.4-3.5; p≤0.001), and those who experienced unavailability of food or medicines (OR =2.2, 95% CI =1.0-4.5; p=0.038). Patients with diabetes, especially females, those having other complications, and major life-events should routinely be screened for symptoms of depression with adequate management of these conditions.
KW - Bangladesh
KW - Depression
KW - Diabetes
KW - Primary healthcare
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ajp.2015.07.008
DO - 10.1016/j.ajp.2015.07.008
M3 - Article
C2 - 26259893
AN - SCOPUS:84938702573
SN - 1876-2018
VL - 17
SP - 36
EP - 41
JO - Asian Journal of Psychiatry
JF - Asian Journal of Psychiatry
ER -