TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence and Etiology of Hypogonadism in Young Men With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
T2 - A Cross-Sectional Analysis From Two University-Based Rehabilitation Centers
AU - Sullivan, Shannon D.
AU - Nash, Mark S.
AU - Tefera, Eshetu
AU - Tinsley, Emily
AU - Blackman, Marc R.
AU - Groah, Suzanne
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
PY - 2017/8
Y1 - 2017/8
N2 - Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers an “accelerated aging” process that may include development of hypogonadism, even among younger men with SCI; however, few studies have investigated the prevalence or etiology of hypogonadism in men with SCI. Young men with SCI also are at increased risk for developing metabolic dysfunction after injury, which may be exacerbated by concomitant testosterone (T) deficiency, thus identifying the prevalence and risk factors for T deficiency in men with SCI is important for their long-term health. Objective To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and etiology of T deficiency (hypogonadism) in otherwise-healthy men with chronic, motor complete SCI. Design Secondary cross-sectional analysis. Setting Rehabilitation research centers in Washington, DC, and Miami, Florida. Participants Men (n = 58) aged 18-45 years with chronic (≥1 year), motor complete SCI without comorbidities or use of testosterone therapy. Methods Plasma concentrations of hormones were measured with standardized assays. Body composition was assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan. Main Outcome Measurements Serum total T and calculated free T. Results T deficiency was more common in men after SCI than in a matched cohort of similarly-aged men without SCI (25%, SCI versus 6.7%, non-SCI, P <.001). The risk of hypogonadism appeared to be increased in men with more extensive injury and with higher percent body fat. The majority of men with SCI with low T had low serum LH levels, suggesting that central suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis may be the most common etiology of hypogonadism after SCI. Conclusions Hypogonadism is more common in young men with SCI than in similarly aged men without SCI, suggesting that SCI should be identified as a risk factor for T deficiency and that routine screening for hypogonadism should be performed in the SCI population.
AB - Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers an “accelerated aging” process that may include development of hypogonadism, even among younger men with SCI; however, few studies have investigated the prevalence or etiology of hypogonadism in men with SCI. Young men with SCI also are at increased risk for developing metabolic dysfunction after injury, which may be exacerbated by concomitant testosterone (T) deficiency, thus identifying the prevalence and risk factors for T deficiency in men with SCI is important for their long-term health. Objective To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and etiology of T deficiency (hypogonadism) in otherwise-healthy men with chronic, motor complete SCI. Design Secondary cross-sectional analysis. Setting Rehabilitation research centers in Washington, DC, and Miami, Florida. Participants Men (n = 58) aged 18-45 years with chronic (≥1 year), motor complete SCI without comorbidities or use of testosterone therapy. Methods Plasma concentrations of hormones were measured with standardized assays. Body composition was assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan. Main Outcome Measurements Serum total T and calculated free T. Results T deficiency was more common in men after SCI than in a matched cohort of similarly-aged men without SCI (25%, SCI versus 6.7%, non-SCI, P <.001). The risk of hypogonadism appeared to be increased in men with more extensive injury and with higher percent body fat. The majority of men with SCI with low T had low serum LH levels, suggesting that central suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis may be the most common etiology of hypogonadism after SCI. Conclusions Hypogonadism is more common in young men with SCI than in similarly aged men without SCI, suggesting that SCI should be identified as a risk factor for T deficiency and that routine screening for hypogonadism should be performed in the SCI population.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.11.005
DO - 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.11.005
M3 - Article
C2 - 27871967
AN - SCOPUS:85009495421
SN - 1934-1482
VL - 9
SP - 751
EP - 760
JO - PM and R
JF - PM and R
IS - 8
ER -