Preoperative serum DNA GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation and the risk of early prostate-specific antigen recurrence following radical prostatectomy

Patrick J. Bastian, Ganesh S. Palapattu, Xiaohui Lin, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, Leslie A. Mangold, Bruce Trock, Mario A. Eisenberger, Alan W. Partin, William G. Nelson

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

169 Scopus citations

Abstract

Purpose: Hypermethylation of the CpG island at the promoter region of the π-class glutathione S-transferase gene (GSTP1) is the most common somatic genome abnormality in human prostate cancer. We evaluated circulating cell-free DNA GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation as a prognostic biomarker in the serum of men with prostate cancer. Experimental Design: Prostate cancer DNA GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation was detected using a restriction endonuclease quantitative PCR technique. We analyzed preoperative serum from 85 men with clinically localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy and from 35 men with a negative prostate biopsy. We then assayed preoperative serum from a data set of 55 pairs of men with clinically localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy, matched for Gleason score, comprising 55 men suffering prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence (median, 2 years) and 55 men who were free of disease at last follow-up (median, 3 years). The association of serum GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation and PSA recurrence was determined. Results: Circulating cell-free DNA with GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation was not detected in the serum of men with a negative prostate biopsy but was detected in 12% of men with clinically localized disease and 28% of men with metastatic cancer (P = 0.003). In the matched data set, eight men (15%) who developed PSA recurrence were positive for DNA with GSTP1 CpG hypermethylation, whereas no patient who was free of disease was positive for GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation (McNemar test, χ2 = 6.1, P = 0.01). In a multivariable analysis that accounted for recognized prognostic factors, the presence of serum DNA with GTSP1 CpG island hypermethylation was the most significant predictor of PSA recurrence (hazard ratio, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.2, 8.8; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study suggests that GSTP1 CpG island hypermethylation may be an important DNA-based prognostic serum biomarker for prostate cancer.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)4037-4043
Number of pages7
JournalClinical Cancer Research
Volume11
Issue number11
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 1 2005

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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