TY - JOUR
T1 - Prenatal exposure to metals and autism spectrum disorder
T2 - Current status and future directions
AU - Campbell, Kyle A.
AU - Hickman, Ruby
AU - Fallin, Margaret Daniele
AU - Bakulski, Kelly M.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors were supported by a grant from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIH R01 ES025531).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with genetic and environmental contributors to etiology. Many metals have the potential to be neurotoxic, and their exposures are widespread. The field of metals exposure and ASD research is emerging, and in this review article, we assess the current state of the literature, with emphasis on the previous 2 years. Epidemiology studies are discussed with respect to exposure timing, exposure matrix, and outcome assessment. Toxicology studies are described for exposure dosing and timing, as well as behavioral and molecular outcomes. Further epidemiological and toxicological investigations can identify the timing and importance of metals as ASD risk factors and uncover biological mechanisms for risk mitigation and therapeutic strategies.
AB - Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with genetic and environmental contributors to etiology. Many metals have the potential to be neurotoxic, and their exposures are widespread. The field of metals exposure and ASD research is emerging, and in this review article, we assess the current state of the literature, with emphasis on the previous 2 years. Epidemiology studies are discussed with respect to exposure timing, exposure matrix, and outcome assessment. Toxicology studies are described for exposure dosing and timing, as well as behavioral and molecular outcomes. Further epidemiological and toxicological investigations can identify the timing and importance of metals as ASD risk factors and uncover biological mechanisms for risk mitigation and therapeutic strategies.
KW - Autism spectrum disorder
KW - Chemical exposure
KW - Metals
KW - Neurodevelopment
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U2 - 10.1016/j.cotox.2021.04.001
DO - 10.1016/j.cotox.2021.04.001
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85108682638
SN - 2468-2020
VL - 26
SP - 39
EP - 48
JO - Current Opinion in Toxicology
JF - Current Opinion in Toxicology
ER -