Predictors of unfavorable thermal outcome during newborn emergency retrievals

Objective: Maintenance of normal body temperature is a challenge during transports. We aimed to identify predisposing factors for unfavorable thermal outcome during emergency retrievals of neonates. Methods: Demographic data and clinical variables for transports performed over a 2-year period were extracted from the Newborn Emergency Transport Service (Victoria, Australia) database. Arrival temperatures outside normothermia (36.5°-37.5°C) were defined as an unfavorable outcome. Results: Normothermia on arrival at the receiving hospital was achieved in 78% of 1,261 transports. The strongest predictor of unfavorable thermal outcome was an abnormal temperature at the start of the retrieval (odds ratio [OR] = 8.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.91-10.95; P <.001) followed by very low weight on transport (<1,500 g; OR = 2.49; 95% CI, 1.63-3.80; P <.001) and respiratory support (OR = 1.81; 95% CI, 1.29-2.54; P = .001). Medications (eg, inotropes and sedation/muscle relaxation) or central/peripheral venous/arterial lines were not significant predictors of outcome when temperature at retrieval start, weight at transport, and respiratory support were adjusted as cofactors. Mode of transport (road, fixed wing, or rotary wing aircraft) and outside temperature were not associated with thermal outcome. Conclusion: Abnormal temperature at the start of the retrieval, very low transport weight, and respiratory support were strong predictors of unfavorable thermal outcome during neonatal emergency transports.