Predictors of Academic Neurosurgical Career Trajectory among International Medical Graduates Training within the United States

Adham M. Khalafallah; Adrian E. Jimenez; Samantha Camp; Melanie A. Horowitz; Ian Chiu; David Ryu; Natasha Charewycz; Lauren Vera; Myan Bhoopalam; James Feghali; Mayur Sharma; Daniel Lubelski; Alan R. Cohen; Rafael J. Tamargo; Timothy Witham; Judy Huang; Henry Brem; Debraj Mukherjee

doi:10.1093/neuros/nyab194

Predictors of Academic Neurosurgical Career Trajectory among International Medical Graduates Training within the United States

Adham M. Khalafallah, Adrian E. Jimenez, Samantha Camp, Melanie A. Horowitz, Ian Chiu, David Ryu, Natasha Charewycz, Lauren Vera, Myan Bhoopalam, James Feghali, Mayur Sharma, Daniel Lubelski, Alan R. Cohen, Rafael J. Tamargo, Timothy Witham, Judy Huang, Henry Brem, Debraj Mukherjee

School of Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Within the literature, there has been limited research tracking the career trajectories of international medical graduates (IMGs) following residency training. OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics of IMG and US medical school graduate (USMG) neurosurgeons holding academic positions in the United States and also analyze factors that influence IMG career trajectories following US-based residency training. METHODS: We collected data on 243 IMGs and 2506 USMGs who graduated from Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited neurosurgery residency programs.We assessed for significant differences between cohorts, and a logistic regression model was used for the outcome of academic career trajectory. RESULTS: Among the 2749 neurosurgeons in our study, IMGs were more likely to pursue academic neurosurgery careers relative to USMGs (59.7% vs 51.1%; P =.011) and were also more likely to complete a research fellowship before beginning residency (odds ratio [OR] = 9.19; P <.0001). Among current US academic neurosurgeons, USMGs had significantly higher pre-residency h-indices relative to IMGs (1.23 vs 1.01; P <.0001) with no significant differences between cohorts when comparing h-indices during (USMG = 5.02, IMG = 4.80; P=.67) or after (USMG = 14.05, IMG = 13.90; P=.72) residency. Completion of a post-residency clinical fellowship was the only factor independently associated with an academic career trajectory among IMGs (OR = 1.73, P=.046). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that while IMGs begin their US residency training with different research backgrounds and achievements relative to USMG counterparts, they attain similar levels of academic productivity following residency. Furthermore, IMGs are more likely to pursue academic careers relative to USMGs. Our work may be useful for better understanding IMG career trajectories following US-based neurosurgery residency training.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	478-485
Number of pages	8
Journal	Neurosurgery
Volume	89
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyab194
State	Published - Sep 1 2021

Keywords

Academic career
Global
International
Neurosurgery
Residency

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Clinical Neurology
Surgery

Access to Document

10.1093/neuros/nyab194

Cite this

Khalafallah, A. M., Jimenez, A. E., Camp, S., Horowitz, M. A., Chiu, I., Ryu, D., Charewycz, N., Vera, L., Bhoopalam, M., Feghali, J., Sharma, M., Lubelski, D., Cohen, A. R., Tamargo, R. J., Witham, T., Huang, J., Brem, H., & Mukherjee, D. (2021). Predictors of Academic Neurosurgical Career Trajectory among International Medical Graduates Training within the United States. Neurosurgery, 89(3), 478-485. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyab194

Khalafallah, AM, Jimenez, AE, Camp, S, Horowitz, MA, Chiu, I, Ryu, D, Charewycz, N, Vera, L, Bhoopalam, M, Feghali, J, Sharma, M, Lubelski, D , Cohen, AR , Tamargo, RJ , Witham, T , Huang, J , Brem, H & Mukherjee, D 2021, 'Predictors of Academic Neurosurgical Career Trajectory among International Medical Graduates Training within the United States', Neurosurgery, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 478-485. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyab194

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title = "Predictors of Academic Neurosurgical Career Trajectory among International Medical Graduates Training within the United States",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Within the literature, there has been limited research tracking the career trajectories of international medical graduates (IMGs) following residency training. OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics of IMG and US medical school graduate (USMG) neurosurgeons holding academic positions in the United States and also analyze factors that influence IMG career trajectories following US-based residency training. METHODS: We collected data on 243 IMGs and 2506 USMGs who graduated from Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited neurosurgery residency programs.We assessed for significant differences between cohorts, and a logistic regression model was used for the outcome of academic career trajectory. RESULTS: Among the 2749 neurosurgeons in our study, IMGs were more likely to pursue academic neurosurgery careers relative to USMGs (59.7% vs 51.1%; P =.011) and were also more likely to complete a research fellowship before beginning residency (odds ratio [OR] = 9.19; P <.0001). Among current US academic neurosurgeons, USMGs had significantly higher pre-residency h-indices relative to IMGs (1.23 vs 1.01; P <.0001) with no significant differences between cohorts when comparing h-indices during (USMG = 5.02, IMG = 4.80; P=.67) or after (USMG = 14.05, IMG = 13.90; P=.72) residency. Completion of a post-residency clinical fellowship was the only factor independently associated with an academic career trajectory among IMGs (OR = 1.73, P=.046). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that while IMGs begin their US residency training with different research backgrounds and achievements relative to USMG counterparts, they attain similar levels of academic productivity following residency. Furthermore, IMGs are more likely to pursue academic careers relative to USMGs. Our work may be useful for better understanding IMG career trajectories following US-based neurosurgery residency training.",

keywords = "Academic career, Global, International, Neurosurgery, Residency",

author = "Khalafallah, {Adham M.} and Jimenez, {Adrian E.} and Samantha Camp and Horowitz, {Melanie A.} and Ian Chiu and David Ryu and Natasha Charewycz and Lauren Vera and Myan Bhoopalam and James Feghali and Mayur Sharma and Daniel Lubelski and Cohen, {Alan R.} and Tamargo, {Rafael J.} and Timothy Witham and Judy Huang and Henry Brem and Debraj Mukherjee",

year = "2021",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/neuros/nyab194",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "89",

pages = "478--485",

journal = "Neurosurgery",

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T1 - Predictors of Academic Neurosurgical Career Trajectory among International Medical Graduates Training within the United States

AU - Khalafallah, Adham M.

AU - Jimenez, Adrian E.

AU - Camp, Samantha

AU - Horowitz, Melanie A.

AU - Chiu, Ian

AU - Ryu, David

AU - Charewycz, Natasha

AU - Vera, Lauren

AU - Bhoopalam, Myan

AU - Feghali, James

AU - Sharma, Mayur

AU - Lubelski, Daniel

AU - Cohen, Alan R.

AU - Tamargo, Rafael J.

AU - Witham, Timothy

AU - Huang, Judy

AU - Brem, Henry

AU - Mukherjee, Debraj

PY - 2021/9/1

Y1 - 2021/9/1

N2 - BACKGROUND: Within the literature, there has been limited research tracking the career trajectories of international medical graduates (IMGs) following residency training. OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics of IMG and US medical school graduate (USMG) neurosurgeons holding academic positions in the United States and also analyze factors that influence IMG career trajectories following US-based residency training. METHODS: We collected data on 243 IMGs and 2506 USMGs who graduated from Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited neurosurgery residency programs.We assessed for significant differences between cohorts, and a logistic regression model was used for the outcome of academic career trajectory. RESULTS: Among the 2749 neurosurgeons in our study, IMGs were more likely to pursue academic neurosurgery careers relative to USMGs (59.7% vs 51.1%; P =.011) and were also more likely to complete a research fellowship before beginning residency (odds ratio [OR] = 9.19; P <.0001). Among current US academic neurosurgeons, USMGs had significantly higher pre-residency h-indices relative to IMGs (1.23 vs 1.01; P <.0001) with no significant differences between cohorts when comparing h-indices during (USMG = 5.02, IMG = 4.80; P=.67) or after (USMG = 14.05, IMG = 13.90; P=.72) residency. Completion of a post-residency clinical fellowship was the only factor independently associated with an academic career trajectory among IMGs (OR = 1.73, P=.046). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that while IMGs begin their US residency training with different research backgrounds and achievements relative to USMG counterparts, they attain similar levels of academic productivity following residency. Furthermore, IMGs are more likely to pursue academic careers relative to USMGs. Our work may be useful for better understanding IMG career trajectories following US-based neurosurgery residency training.

AB - BACKGROUND: Within the literature, there has been limited research tracking the career trajectories of international medical graduates (IMGs) following residency training. OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics of IMG and US medical school graduate (USMG) neurosurgeons holding academic positions in the United States and also analyze factors that influence IMG career trajectories following US-based residency training. METHODS: We collected data on 243 IMGs and 2506 USMGs who graduated from Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited neurosurgery residency programs.We assessed for significant differences between cohorts, and a logistic regression model was used for the outcome of academic career trajectory. RESULTS: Among the 2749 neurosurgeons in our study, IMGs were more likely to pursue academic neurosurgery careers relative to USMGs (59.7% vs 51.1%; P =.011) and were also more likely to complete a research fellowship before beginning residency (odds ratio [OR] = 9.19; P <.0001). Among current US academic neurosurgeons, USMGs had significantly higher pre-residency h-indices relative to IMGs (1.23 vs 1.01; P <.0001) with no significant differences between cohorts when comparing h-indices during (USMG = 5.02, IMG = 4.80; P=.67) or after (USMG = 14.05, IMG = 13.90; P=.72) residency. Completion of a post-residency clinical fellowship was the only factor independently associated with an academic career trajectory among IMGs (OR = 1.73, P=.046). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that while IMGs begin their US residency training with different research backgrounds and achievements relative to USMG counterparts, they attain similar levels of academic productivity following residency. Furthermore, IMGs are more likely to pursue academic careers relative to USMGs. Our work may be useful for better understanding IMG career trajectories following US-based neurosurgery residency training.

KW - Academic career

KW - Global

KW - International

KW - Neurosurgery

KW - Residency

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Predictors of Academic Neurosurgical Career Trajectory among International Medical Graduates Training within the United States

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Keywords

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