Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed in normal human prostate epithelium and is highly up-regulated in prostate cancer. We previously reported a series of novel small molecule inhibitors targeting PSMA. Two compounds, MIP-1072, (S)-2-(3-((S)-1-carboxy-5-(4-iodobenzylamino)pentyl) ureido)pentanedioic acid, and MIP-1095, (S)-2-(3-((S)-1-carboxy-5-(3-(4- iodophenyl)ureido)pentyl)ureido)pentanedioic acid, were selected for further evaluation. MIP-1072 and MIP-1095 potently inhibited the glutamate carboxypeptidase activity of PSMA (Ki = 4.6 ± 1.6 nmol/L and 0.24 ± 0.14 nmol/L, respectively) and, when radiolabeled with 123I, exhibited high affinity for PSMA on human prostate cancer LNCaP cells (Kd = 3.8 ± 1.3 nmol/L and 0.81 ± 0.39 nmol/L, respectively). The association of [123I]MIP-1072 and [ 123I]MIP-1095 with PSMA was specific; there was no binding to human prostate cancer PC3 cells, which lack PSMA, and binding was abolished by coincubation with a structurally unrelated NAALADase inhibitor, 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid (PMPA). [123I]MIP-1072 and [123I]MIP-1095 internalized into LNCaP cells at 37°C. Tissue distribution studies in mice showed 17.3 ± 6.3% (at 1 hour) and 34.3 ± 12.7% (at 4 hours) injected dose per gram of LNCaP xenograft tissue, for [123I]MIP-1072 and [123I]MIP-1095, respectively. [123I]MIP-1095 exhibited greater tumor uptake but slower washout from blood and nontarget tissues compared with [123I]MIP-1072. Specific binding to PSMA in vivo was shown by competition with PMPA in LNCaP xenografts, and the absence of uptake in PC3 xenografts. The uptake of [123I]MIP- 1072 and [123I]MIP-1095 in tumor-bearing mice was corroborated by single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging. PSMA-specific radiopharmaceuticals should provide a novel molecular targeting option for the detection and staging of prostate cancer.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 6932-6940 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Cancer Research |
Volume | 69 |
Issue number | 17 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Sep 1 2009 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Oncology
- Cancer Research