Post-mortem cerebral magnetic resonance imaging T 1 and T 2 in fetuses, newborns and infants

Sudhin Thayyil; Enrico De Vita; Neil J. Sebire; Alan Bainbridge; David Thomas; Roxanne Gunny; Kling Chong; Mark F. Lythgoe; Xavier Golay; Nicola J. Robertson; Ernest B. Cady; Andrew M. Taylor

doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.01.105

Post-mortem cerebral magnetic resonance imaging T ₁ and T ₂ in fetuses, newborns and infants

Sudhin Thayyil, Enrico De Vita, Neil J. Sebire, Alan Bainbridge, David Thomas, Roxanne Gunny, Kling Chong, Mark F. Lythgoe, Xavier Golay, Nicola J. Robertson, Ernest B. Cady, Andrew M. Taylor

School of Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (PM MRI) of brain is increasingly used in clinical practice; understanding of normal PM contrast to noise ratio (CNR), T ₁ and T ₂ values relaxation times is important for optimisation and accurate interpretation of PM MRI. Methods: We obtained T ₁- and T ₂-weighted images at 1.5 T. In the first phase of the study, we calculated CNR in twelve brain regions in 5 newborn infants after death and compared this with CNR from 5 infants during life. In the second phase, we measured deep grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) T ₁ post-mortem in 18 fetuses and T ₁ and T ₂ post-mortem 6 infants prior to autopsy. Results: Phase I: post-mortem T ₁- and T ₂-weighted CNRs were lower in most brain regions than during life. Phase II: compared with in vivo, all post-mortem images lacked GM-WM contrast and had high T ₂-weighted WM signal intensity. Mean (SD) post-mortem T ₁ in white and deep gray matter were respectively 1898 (327) ms and 1514 (202) ms in fetuses (p > 0.05) and 1234 (180) ms and 1016 (161) ms in infants and newborns (p > 0.05). Mean (SD) post-mortem T ₂ was 283 (11) ms in WM and 182 (18) ms in deep GM in infants and newborns (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Post-mortem T ₁ and T ₂ values are higher than those reported from live cases. The difference between T ₁ values in GM and WM reduce after death.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	e232-e238
Journal	European Journal of Radiology
Volume	81
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.01.105
State	Published - Mar 2012

Keywords

Magnetic resonance imaging
Post-mortem
Relaxometry

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging

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Post-mortem cerebral magnetic resonance imaging T ₁ and T ₂ in fetuses, newborns and infants. / Thayyil, Sudhin; De Vita, Enrico; Sebire, Neil J.; Bainbridge, Alan; Thomas, David; Gunny, Roxanne; Chong, Kling; Lythgoe, Mark F.; Golay, Xavier; Robertson, Nicola J.; Cady, Ernest B.; Taylor, Andrew M.

In: European Journal of Radiology, Vol. 81, No. 3, 03.2012, p. e232-e238.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Thayyil, Sudhin ; De Vita, Enrico ; Sebire, Neil J. ; Bainbridge, Alan ; Thomas, David ; Gunny, Roxanne ; Chong, Kling ; Lythgoe, Mark F. ; Golay, Xavier ; Robertson, Nicola J. ; Cady, Ernest B. ; Taylor, Andrew M. / Post-mortem cerebral magnetic resonance imaging T ₁ and T ₂ in fetuses, newborns and infants. In: European Journal of Radiology. 2012 ; Vol. 81, No. 3. pp. e232-e238.

@article{d859ce1187854e888dea4df9a77431ac,

title = "Post-mortem cerebral magnetic resonance imaging T 1 and T 2 in fetuses, newborns and infants",

abstract = "Post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (PM MRI) of brain is increasingly used in clinical practice; understanding of normal PM contrast to noise ratio (CNR), T 1 and T 2 values relaxation times is important for optimisation and accurate interpretation of PM MRI. Methods: We obtained T 1- and T 2-weighted images at 1.5 T. In the first phase of the study, we calculated CNR in twelve brain regions in 5 newborn infants after death and compared this with CNR from 5 infants during life. In the second phase, we measured deep grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) T 1 post-mortem in 18 fetuses and T 1 and T 2 post-mortem 6 infants prior to autopsy. Results: Phase I: post-mortem T 1- and T 2-weighted CNRs were lower in most brain regions than during life. Phase II: compared with in vivo, all post-mortem images lacked GM-WM contrast and had high T 2-weighted WM signal intensity. Mean (SD) post-mortem T 1 in white and deep gray matter were respectively 1898 (327) ms and 1514 (202) ms in fetuses (p > 0.05) and 1234 (180) ms and 1016 (161) ms in infants and newborns (p > 0.05). Mean (SD) post-mortem T 2 was 283 (11) ms in WM and 182 (18) ms in deep GM in infants and newborns (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Post-mortem T 1 and T 2 values are higher than those reported from live cases. The difference between T 1 values in GM and WM reduce after death.",

keywords = "Magnetic resonance imaging, Post-mortem, Relaxometry",

author = "Sudhin Thayyil and {De Vita}, Enrico and Sebire, {Neil J.} and Alan Bainbridge and David Thomas and Roxanne Gunny and Kling Chong and Lythgoe, {Mark F.} and Xavier Golay and Robertson, {Nicola J.} and Cady, {Ernest B.} and Taylor, {Andrew M.}",

note = "Funding Information: The study was funded by the UK Department of Health Research Programme and UCH/UCL Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre (CBRC) . AMT is funded by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) ( SRF/08/01/018 ). ST is funded by a Clinician Scientist award from NIHR (CS/010/022). This work was undertaken at GOSH/ICH, UCH/UCL who received a proportion of funding from the United Kingdom Department of Health's NIHR Biomedical Research Centres funding scheme. Copyright: Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

year = "2012",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.01.105",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "81",

pages = "e232--e238",

journal = "European Journal of Radiology",

issn = "0720-048X",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Post-mortem cerebral magnetic resonance imaging T 1 and T 2 in fetuses, newborns and infants

AU - Thayyil, Sudhin

AU - De Vita, Enrico

AU - Sebire, Neil J.

AU - Bainbridge, Alan

AU - Thomas, David

AU - Gunny, Roxanne

AU - Chong, Kling

AU - Lythgoe, Mark F.

AU - Golay, Xavier

AU - Robertson, Nicola J.

AU - Cady, Ernest B.

AU - Taylor, Andrew M.

N1 - Funding Information: The study was funded by the UK Department of Health Research Programme and UCH/UCL Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre (CBRC) . AMT is funded by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) ( SRF/08/01/018 ). ST is funded by a Clinician Scientist award from NIHR (CS/010/022). This work was undertaken at GOSH/ICH, UCH/UCL who received a proportion of funding from the United Kingdom Department of Health's NIHR Biomedical Research Centres funding scheme. Copyright: Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2012/3

Y1 - 2012/3

N2 - Post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (PM MRI) of brain is increasingly used in clinical practice; understanding of normal PM contrast to noise ratio (CNR), T 1 and T 2 values relaxation times is important for optimisation and accurate interpretation of PM MRI. Methods: We obtained T 1- and T 2-weighted images at 1.5 T. In the first phase of the study, we calculated CNR in twelve brain regions in 5 newborn infants after death and compared this with CNR from 5 infants during life. In the second phase, we measured deep grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) T 1 post-mortem in 18 fetuses and T 1 and T 2 post-mortem 6 infants prior to autopsy. Results: Phase I: post-mortem T 1- and T 2-weighted CNRs were lower in most brain regions than during life. Phase II: compared with in vivo, all post-mortem images lacked GM-WM contrast and had high T 2-weighted WM signal intensity. Mean (SD) post-mortem T 1 in white and deep gray matter were respectively 1898 (327) ms and 1514 (202) ms in fetuses (p > 0.05) and 1234 (180) ms and 1016 (161) ms in infants and newborns (p > 0.05). Mean (SD) post-mortem T 2 was 283 (11) ms in WM and 182 (18) ms in deep GM in infants and newborns (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Post-mortem T 1 and T 2 values are higher than those reported from live cases. The difference between T 1 values in GM and WM reduce after death.

AB - Post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (PM MRI) of brain is increasingly used in clinical practice; understanding of normal PM contrast to noise ratio (CNR), T 1 and T 2 values relaxation times is important for optimisation and accurate interpretation of PM MRI. Methods: We obtained T 1- and T 2-weighted images at 1.5 T. In the first phase of the study, we calculated CNR in twelve brain regions in 5 newborn infants after death and compared this with CNR from 5 infants during life. In the second phase, we measured deep grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) T 1 post-mortem in 18 fetuses and T 1 and T 2 post-mortem 6 infants prior to autopsy. Results: Phase I: post-mortem T 1- and T 2-weighted CNRs were lower in most brain regions than during life. Phase II: compared with in vivo, all post-mortem images lacked GM-WM contrast and had high T 2-weighted WM signal intensity. Mean (SD) post-mortem T 1 in white and deep gray matter were respectively 1898 (327) ms and 1514 (202) ms in fetuses (p > 0.05) and 1234 (180) ms and 1016 (161) ms in infants and newborns (p > 0.05). Mean (SD) post-mortem T 2 was 283 (11) ms in WM and 182 (18) ms in deep GM in infants and newborns (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Post-mortem T 1 and T 2 values are higher than those reported from live cases. The difference between T 1 values in GM and WM reduce after death.

KW - Magnetic resonance imaging

KW - Post-mortem

KW - Relaxometry

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