TY - JOUR
T1 - Plasma lactate and incident hypertension in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study
AU - Juraschek, Stephen P.
AU - Bower, Julie K.
AU - Selvin, Elizabeth
AU - Shantha, Ghanshyam Palamaner Subash
AU - Hoogeveen, Ron C.
AU - Ballantyne, Christie M.
AU - Hunter Young, J.
N1 - Funding Information:
Dr Young and Dr Selvin were supported by NIH/NHLBI RO1DK085458 grant. S.P.J. and J.K.B. were supported by NIH/NHLBI T32HL007024 Cardiovascular Epidemiology Training Grant. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study is carried out as a collaborative work supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute contracts (HHSN268201100005C, HHSN268201100006C, HHSN268 201100007C, HHSN268201100008C, HHSN2682011000 09C, HHSN268201100010C, HHSN268201100011C, and HHSN268201100012C). We thank the staff and participants of the ARIC Study for their important contributions. Parts of this work were presented at the High Blood Pressure Research 2013 Scientific Sessions, New Orleans, Louisiana, September 11−14, 2013.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by P60 Diabetes P&C Core of the Diabetes Research Training Center (5P60DK079637-04).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 © American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/2/1
Y1 - 2015/2/1
N2 - Background Recent evidence suggests that insufficient oxidative capacity or mitochondrial dysfunction may play a causal role in the development of high blood pressure. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in the general population. We hypothesized that lactate, a measure of oxidative capacity, would be positively associated with incident hypertension even after accounting for traditional hypertension risk factors. Methods Plasma lactate was measured in 5,554 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study with no subclinical or diagnosed hypertension at baseline (1996-1998). Incident hypertension was defined by self-report or hypertension medication use. Analyses were performed with Cox proportional hazards models. Results The mean age was 61.9 years, and the mean lactate was 0.8 mmol/L. During a median follow-up period of 11.9 years (range = 26.9 days to 13.4 years), there were 3,849 new cases of hypertension. The fourth quartile of lactate (compared with the first quartile) was associated with an elevated risk of hypertension (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.31) even after adjustment for traditional risk factors, including baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This association was stronger when the population was restricted to participants with normal blood pressure (<120mm Hg/<80mm Hg; HR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.23-1.63). In strata of sex, the association was strong in women vs. null in men (P interaction = 0.01). Conclusions Plasma lactate is associated with incident hypertension in women, especially with a normal blood pressure (<120mm Hg/<80mm Hg). Future studies should elucidate the mechanisms underlying these observations.
AB - Background Recent evidence suggests that insufficient oxidative capacity or mitochondrial dysfunction may play a causal role in the development of high blood pressure. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in the general population. We hypothesized that lactate, a measure of oxidative capacity, would be positively associated with incident hypertension even after accounting for traditional hypertension risk factors. Methods Plasma lactate was measured in 5,554 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study with no subclinical or diagnosed hypertension at baseline (1996-1998). Incident hypertension was defined by self-report or hypertension medication use. Analyses were performed with Cox proportional hazards models. Results The mean age was 61.9 years, and the mean lactate was 0.8 mmol/L. During a median follow-up period of 11.9 years (range = 26.9 days to 13.4 years), there were 3,849 new cases of hypertension. The fourth quartile of lactate (compared with the first quartile) was associated with an elevated risk of hypertension (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.31) even after adjustment for traditional risk factors, including baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This association was stronger when the population was restricted to participants with normal blood pressure (<120mm Hg/<80mm Hg; HR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.23-1.63). In strata of sex, the association was strong in women vs. null in men (P interaction = 0.01). Conclusions Plasma lactate is associated with incident hypertension in women, especially with a normal blood pressure (<120mm Hg/<80mm Hg). Future studies should elucidate the mechanisms underlying these observations.
KW - ARIC
KW - blood pressure
KW - cohort
KW - hypertension
KW - lactate
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U2 - 10.1093/ajh/hpu117
DO - 10.1093/ajh/hpu117
M3 - Article
C2 - 24994607
AN - SCOPUS:84922507369
SN - 0895-7061
VL - 28
SP - 216
EP - 224
JO - American Journal of Hypertension
JF - American Journal of Hypertension
IS - 2
ER -