@article{699ee88721ce4bcbb927472e9e8c4364,
title = "Place-Based Correlates of Exchange Sex Among People Who Inject Drugs in 19 U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 2012",
abstract = "This study examined overall and gender-specific associations between place-based characteristics and opposite-sex exchange sex among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the U.S. PWID were recruited from 19 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention{\textquoteright}s 2012 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance. Administrative data were used to describe the economic, social, and political features of the ZIP codes, MSAs, counties, and states where PWID lived. Multilevel modeling estimated associations of place characteristics and exchange sex. We found that 52% of women and 23% of men reported past-year opposite-sex exchange sex (N = 7599). Female PWID living in states with stronger policies supporting working caregivers had lower odds of exchange sex (aOR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.69, 0.94). PWID living in ZIP codes with greater economic deprivation had higher odds of exchange sex (aOR = 1.10; 95% CI 1.03, 1.17). We found that a high percentage of male PWID exchanged sex with women; determinants and risks of this group merit exploration. If future research establishes that the relationships identified here are causal, interventions to reduce exchange sex among PWID should include policies supporting working caregivers and reducing poverty rates.",
keywords = "Exchange sex, HIV, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, People who inject drugs",
author = "Akilah Wise and Behzad Kianian and Howard Chang and Sabriya Linton and Wolfe, {Mary E.} and Justin Smith and Barbara Tempalski and {Des Jarlais}, Don and Zev Ross and Salaam Semaan and Cyprian Wejnert and Dita Broz and Hannah Cooper",
note = "Funding Information: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This research was supported by two NIH grants: {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}Place Characteristics & Disparities in HIV in IDUS: A Multilevel Analysis of NHBS{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} (DA035101; Cooper, PI) and the Emory Center for AIDS Research (P30 AI050409; Curran, PI). It was also supported by the Centers and Disease Control and Prevention, and the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Study Group: Atlanta, GA: Jennifer Taussig, Shacara Johnson, Jeff Todd; Baltimore, MD: Colin Flynn, Danielle German; Boston, MA: Debbie Isenberg, Maura Driscoll, Elizabeth Hurwitz; Chicago, IL: Nikhil Prachand, Nanette Benbow; Dallas, TX: Sharon Melville, Richard Yeager, Jim Dyer, Alicia Novoa; Denver CO: Mark Thrun, Alia Al-Tayyib; Detroit, MI: Emily Higgins, Eve Mokotoff, Vivian Griffin; Houston, TX: Aaron Sayegh, Jan Risser, Hafeez Rehman; Los Angeles, CA: Trista Bingham, Ekow Kwa Sey; Miami, FL: Lisa Metsch, David Forrest, Dano Beck, Gabriel Cardenas; Nassau-Suffolk, NY: Chris Nemeth, Lou Smith, CarolAnn Watson; New Orleans, LA: William T. Robinson, DeAnn Gruber, Narquis Barak; New York City, NY: Alan Neaigus, Samuel Jenness, Travis Wendel, Camila Gelpi-Acosta, Holly Hagan; Newark, NJ: Henry Godette, Barbara Bolden, Sally D{\textquoteright}Errico; Philadelphia, PA: Kathleen A. Brady, Althea Kirkland, Mark Shpaner; San Diego, CA: Vanessa Miguelino-Keasling, Al Velasco; San Francisco, CA: H. Fisher Raymond; San Juan, PR: Sandra Miranda De Leo´n, Yadira Rolo´n-Colo´n; Seattle, WA: Maria Courogen, Hanne Thiede, Richard Burt; St Louis, MO: Michael Herbert, Yelena Friedberg, Dale Wrigley, Jacob Fisher; Washington, DC: Marie Sansone, Tiffany West-Ojo, Manya Magnus, Irene Kuo; Behavioral Surveillance Team. We would like to thank the NHBS participants for making this study possible. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.",
year = "2021",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1007/s10508-020-01883-9",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "50",
pages = "2897--2909",
journal = "Archives of Sexual Behavior",
issn = "0004-0002",
publisher = "Springer New York",
number = "7",
}