TY - JOUR
T1 - Phylogenetic analysis of gag genes from 70 international HIV-1 isolates provides evidence for multiple genotypes
AU - Louwagie, Joost
AU - McCutchan, Francine E.
AU - Peeters, Martine
AU - Brennan, Terrence P.
AU - Sanders-Buell, Eric
AU - Eddy, Gerald A.
AU - Van Der Groen, Guido
AU - Fransen, Katrien
AU - Gershy-Damet, Guy Michel
AU - Deleys, Robert
AU - Burke, Donald S.
PY - 1993/6
Y1 - 1993/6
N2 - Objective: To determine the extent of genetic variation among internationally collected HIV-1 isolates, to analyse phylogenetic relationships and the geographic distribution of different variants. Design: Phylogenetic comparison of 70 HIV-1 isolates collected in 15 countries on four continents. Methods: To sequence the complete gag genome of HIV-1 isolates, build multiple sequence alignments and construct phylogenetic trees using distance matrix methods and maximum parsimony algorithms. Results: Phylogenetic tree analysis identified seven distinct genotypes. The seven genotypes were evident by both distance matrix methods and maximum parsimony analysis, and were strongly supported by bootstrap resampling of the data. The intra-genotypic gag distances averaged 7%, whereas the inter-genotypic distances averaged 14%. The geographic distribution of variants was complex. Some genotypes have apparently migrated to several continents and many areas harbor a mixture of genotypes. Related variants may cluster in certain areas, particularly isolates from a single city collected over a short time. Conclusions: The genetic variation among HIV-1 isolates is more extensive than previously appreciated. At least seven distinct HIV-1 genotypes can be identified. Diversification, migration and establishment of local, temporal 'blooms' of particular variants may all occur concomitantly.
AB - Objective: To determine the extent of genetic variation among internationally collected HIV-1 isolates, to analyse phylogenetic relationships and the geographic distribution of different variants. Design: Phylogenetic comparison of 70 HIV-1 isolates collected in 15 countries on four continents. Methods: To sequence the complete gag genome of HIV-1 isolates, build multiple sequence alignments and construct phylogenetic trees using distance matrix methods and maximum parsimony algorithms. Results: Phylogenetic tree analysis identified seven distinct genotypes. The seven genotypes were evident by both distance matrix methods and maximum parsimony analysis, and were strongly supported by bootstrap resampling of the data. The intra-genotypic gag distances averaged 7%, whereas the inter-genotypic distances averaged 14%. The geographic distribution of variants was complex. Some genotypes have apparently migrated to several continents and many areas harbor a mixture of genotypes. Related variants may cluster in certain areas, particularly isolates from a single city collected over a short time. Conclusions: The genetic variation among HIV-1 isolates is more extensive than previously appreciated. At least seven distinct HIV-1 genotypes can be identified. Diversification, migration and establishment of local, temporal 'blooms' of particular variants may all occur concomitantly.
KW - Gag
KW - Genetic variation
KW - Genotype
KW - HIV-1
KW - International
KW - Phylogenetic analysis
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U2 - 10.1097/00002030-199306000-00003
DO - 10.1097/00002030-199306000-00003
M3 - Article
C2 - 8363755
AN - SCOPUS:0027219687
SN - 0269-9370
VL - 7
SP - 769
EP - 780
JO - AIDS
JF - AIDS
IS - 6
ER -