TY - JOUR
T1 - Phthalate exposure and odds of bacterial vaginosis among U.S. reproductive-aged women, NHANES 2001–2004
AU - Geller, Ruth J.
AU - Brotman, Rebecca M.
AU - O'Brien, Katie M.
AU - Fine, Derek M.
AU - Zota, Ami R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2018/12
Y1 - 2018/12
N2 - Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as phthalates, are an unexamined potential risk factor for bacterial vaginosis (BV) and warrant investigation because hormones affect BV. We examined the association between phthalate exposure and BV in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2004. BV outcomes were defined as intermediate (Nugent score of 4–6) and positive (7–10). Phthalate metabolites, including monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites, were measured in urine. Among 854 women with complete data, multinomial logistic regression revealed that concentrations of MnBP (Q4 vs. Q1 OR = 3.01, 95% CI 1.76–5.15, p-trend <0.001) and ΣDEHP metabolites (Q4 OR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.45–4.47, p-trend = 0.03) were associated with Nugent-score BV, although only MnBP was significant after adjustment for confounders. Associations were null after adjustment for urinary creatinine (MnBP Q4 OR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.63–1.96; ΣDEHP Q4 OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.37–1.39). Future work should further examine these relationships using direct measurements of intravaginal phthalates exposures.
AB - Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as phthalates, are an unexamined potential risk factor for bacterial vaginosis (BV) and warrant investigation because hormones affect BV. We examined the association between phthalate exposure and BV in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2004. BV outcomes were defined as intermediate (Nugent score of 4–6) and positive (7–10). Phthalate metabolites, including monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites, were measured in urine. Among 854 women with complete data, multinomial logistic regression revealed that concentrations of MnBP (Q4 vs. Q1 OR = 3.01, 95% CI 1.76–5.15, p-trend <0.001) and ΣDEHP metabolites (Q4 OR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.45–4.47, p-trend = 0.03) were associated with Nugent-score BV, although only MnBP was significant after adjustment for confounders. Associations were null after adjustment for urinary creatinine (MnBP Q4 OR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.63–1.96; ΣDEHP Q4 OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.37–1.39). Future work should further examine these relationships using direct measurements of intravaginal phthalates exposures.
KW - Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
KW - Di-n-butyl phthalate
KW - Diethyl phthalate
KW - Endocrine disruptors
KW - Intravaginal exposure
KW - NHANES
KW - Vaginal microbiota
KW - Women's health
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U2 - 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.09.001
DO - 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.09.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 30208335
AN - SCOPUS:85053445442
SN - 0890-6238
VL - 82
SP - 1
EP - 9
JO - Reproductive Toxicology
JF - Reproductive Toxicology
ER -