@article{0a5b86329443443e86286f6775a1230e,
title = "Phenotyping of Acute Kidney Injury: Beyond Serum Creatinine",
abstract = "Summary: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in hospitalized patients and is associated with adverse short- and long-term outcomes. AKI is diagnosed by serum creatinine (SCr)-based consensus definitions that capture an abrupt decrease in glomerular filtration rate associated with AKI. However, SCr-based AKI definitions lack sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing structural kidney injury. Moreover, AKI is a heterogeneous condition consisting of distinct phenotypes based on its etiology, prognosis, and molecular pathways, and that may potentially require different therapies. SCr-based AKI definitions provide no information on these AKI phenotypes. This review highlights traditional and novel tools that overcome the limitations of SCr-based AKI definitions to improve AKI phenotyping.",
keywords = "AKI, IL-18, IL-6, KIM-1, L-FABP, NGAL, biomarkers, creatinine, cystatin C, furosemide, urinary casts, urine microscopy",
author = "Moledina, {Dennis G.} and Parikh, {Chirag R.}",
note = "Funding Information: Financial support: Supported by the Robert E. Leet and Clara Guthrie Patterson Trust Mentored Clinical Research Award (D.G.M.). T32 training grant (T32DK007276) from NIH.Dennis G. Moledina is a Yale Investigative Medicine PhD Program graduate student, which is supported by a Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) award (UL1TR000142) from the National Center for Advancing Translational Science, a component of the National Institutes of Health. Also supported by RO1HL085757 from the National Institutes of Health (C.R.P.). Chirag R. Parikh is a member of the National Institutes of Health–sponsored Assessment, Serial Evaluation, and Subsequent Sequelae of Acute Kidney Injury Study (ASSESS-AKI) Consortium (U01DK082185). The content is the responsibility of the authors alone and does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services; mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the US Government. These organizations were not involved in the study design, analysis, interpretation, or manuscript creation. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 Elsevier Inc. Copyright: Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2018",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1016/j.semnephrol.2017.09.002",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "38",
pages = "3--11",
journal = "Seminars in Nephrology",
issn = "0270-9295",
publisher = "W.B. Saunders Ltd",
number = "1",
}