TY - JOUR
T1 - Peroxisomal acyl-CoA synthetases
AU - Watkins, Paul A.
AU - Ellis, Jessica M.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by NIH grants NS037355 (PAW), HD024061 (PAW), and DK007751 (JME).
PY - 2012/9
Y1 - 2012/9
N2 - Peroxisomes carry out many essential lipid metabolic functions. Nearly all of these functions require that an acyl group-either a fatty acid or the acyl side chain of a steroid derivative-be thioesterified to coenzyme A (CoA) for subsequent reactions to proceed. This thioesterification, or "activation", reaction, catalyzed by enzymes belonging to the acyl-CoA synthetase family, is thus central to cellular lipid metabolism. However, despite our rather thorough understanding of peroxisomal metabolic pathways, surprisingly little is known about the specific peroxisomal acyl-CoA synthetases that participate in these pathways. Of the 26 acyl-CoA synthetases encoded by the human and mouse genomes, only a few have been reported to be peroxisomal, including ACSL4, SLC27A2, and SLC27A4. In this review, we briefly describe the primary peroxisomal lipid metabolic pathways in which fatty acyl-CoAs participate. Then, we examine the evidence for presence and functions of acyl-CoA synthetases in peroxisomes, much of which was obtained before the existence of multiple acyl-CoA synthetase isoenzymes was known. Finally, we discuss the role(s) of peroxisome-specific acyl-CoA synthetase isoforms in lipid metabolism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Metabolic Functions and Biogenesis of Peroxisomes in Health and Disease.
AB - Peroxisomes carry out many essential lipid metabolic functions. Nearly all of these functions require that an acyl group-either a fatty acid or the acyl side chain of a steroid derivative-be thioesterified to coenzyme A (CoA) for subsequent reactions to proceed. This thioesterification, or "activation", reaction, catalyzed by enzymes belonging to the acyl-CoA synthetase family, is thus central to cellular lipid metabolism. However, despite our rather thorough understanding of peroxisomal metabolic pathways, surprisingly little is known about the specific peroxisomal acyl-CoA synthetases that participate in these pathways. Of the 26 acyl-CoA synthetases encoded by the human and mouse genomes, only a few have been reported to be peroxisomal, including ACSL4, SLC27A2, and SLC27A4. In this review, we briefly describe the primary peroxisomal lipid metabolic pathways in which fatty acyl-CoAs participate. Then, we examine the evidence for presence and functions of acyl-CoA synthetases in peroxisomes, much of which was obtained before the existence of multiple acyl-CoA synthetase isoenzymes was known. Finally, we discuss the role(s) of peroxisome-specific acyl-CoA synthetase isoforms in lipid metabolism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Metabolic Functions and Biogenesis of Peroxisomes in Health and Disease.
KW - Acyl-CoA synthetase
KW - Fatty acid activation
KW - Lipid metabolism
KW - Peroxisome
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84864052316&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84864052316&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.02.010
DO - 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.02.010
M3 - Review article
C2 - 22366061
AN - SCOPUS:84864052316
SN - 0925-4439
VL - 1822
SP - 1411
EP - 1420
JO - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease
JF - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease
IS - 9
ER -