TY - JOUR
T1 - Performance-Enhancing Substance Use and Intimate Partner Violence
T2 - A Prospective Cohort Study
AU - Ganson, Kyle T.
AU - Jackson, Dylan B.
AU - Testa, Alexander
AU - Nagata, Jason M.
N1 - Funding Information:
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the J.M.N. is supported by the National Institutes of Health (K08HL159350) and the American Heart Association (CDA34760281). No funding was used to support this study.
Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Nicole E. Lisi for providing research assistance. This research uses data from Add Health, a program project directed by Kathleen Mullan Harris and designed by J. Richard Udry, Peter S. Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and funded by grant P01-HD31921 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, with cooperative funding from 23 other federal agencies and foundations. Special acknowledgment is due Ronald R. Rindfuss and Barbara Entwisle for assistance in the original design. Information on how to obtain the Add Health data files is available on the Add Health website (http://www.cpc.unc.edu/addhealth). No direct support was received from grant P01-HD31921 for this analysis. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the J.M.N. is supported by the National Institutes of Health (K08HL159350) and the American Heart Association (CDA34760281). No funding was used to support this study.
Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Nicole E. Lisi for providing research assistance. This research uses data from Add Health, a program project directed by Kathleen Mullan Harris and designed by J. Richard Udry, Peter S. Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and funded by grant P01-HD31921 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, with cooperative funding from 23 other federal agencies and foundations. Special acknowledgment is due Ronald R. Rindfuss and Barbara Entwisle for assistance in the original design. Information on how to obtain the Add Health data files is available on the Add Health website ( http://www.cpc.unc.edu/addhealth ). No direct support was received from grant P01-HD31921 for this analysis.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2022.
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - Research has shown that performance-enhancing substance (PES) use, including anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), is associated with interpersonal violence (e.g., fighting). This study aimed to determine whether legal PES use and AAS use are associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) involvement cross-sectionally and over seven-year follow-up in a nationally representative prospective cohort study. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 12,288) were analyzed (2021). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between legal PES use and AAS use at Wave III (2001–2002; ages 18–26) and IPV victimization (five variables) and IPV perpetration (five variables) at Wave III and Wave IV (2008–2009; ages 24–32), adjusting for relevant demographic and confounding variables. Results from cross-sectional analyses showed that legal PES use and AAS use were associated with higher odds of both any IPV victimization and sexual IPV victimization, and both any IPV perpetration and physical IPV perpetration by pushing or shoving a partner. Results from prospective analyses showed that AAS use, but not legal PES use, was associated with higher odds of all five IPV victimization variables (any IPV victimization: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]1.04–2.84; two forms of physical abuse: 1: AOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.15–3.50; 2: AOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.06–4.21; incurring an injury from IPV victimization: AOR 4.90, 95% CI 1.71–14.01; and sexual IPV victimization AOR 2.44, 95% CI 1.05–5.65), as well as three IPV perpetration variables (any IPV perpetration: AOR 2.11, 95% CI 105–4.23; one form of physical abuse perpetration: AOR 2.58, 95% CI 1.06–6.27; and sexual IPV perpetration: AOR 3.80, 95% CI 1.44–10.02). These results emphasize the adverse social and interpersonal risks associated with PES use. Continued research, health care, and public health prevention and intervention efforts to reduce the use of PES and occurrence of IPV are warranted.
AB - Research has shown that performance-enhancing substance (PES) use, including anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), is associated with interpersonal violence (e.g., fighting). This study aimed to determine whether legal PES use and AAS use are associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) involvement cross-sectionally and over seven-year follow-up in a nationally representative prospective cohort study. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 12,288) were analyzed (2021). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between legal PES use and AAS use at Wave III (2001–2002; ages 18–26) and IPV victimization (five variables) and IPV perpetration (five variables) at Wave III and Wave IV (2008–2009; ages 24–32), adjusting for relevant demographic and confounding variables. Results from cross-sectional analyses showed that legal PES use and AAS use were associated with higher odds of both any IPV victimization and sexual IPV victimization, and both any IPV perpetration and physical IPV perpetration by pushing or shoving a partner. Results from prospective analyses showed that AAS use, but not legal PES use, was associated with higher odds of all five IPV victimization variables (any IPV victimization: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]1.04–2.84; two forms of physical abuse: 1: AOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.15–3.50; 2: AOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.06–4.21; incurring an injury from IPV victimization: AOR 4.90, 95% CI 1.71–14.01; and sexual IPV victimization AOR 2.44, 95% CI 1.05–5.65), as well as three IPV perpetration variables (any IPV perpetration: AOR 2.11, 95% CI 105–4.23; one form of physical abuse perpetration: AOR 2.58, 95% CI 1.06–6.27; and sexual IPV perpetration: AOR 3.80, 95% CI 1.44–10.02). These results emphasize the adverse social and interpersonal risks associated with PES use. Continued research, health care, and public health prevention and intervention efforts to reduce the use of PES and occurrence of IPV are warranted.
KW - adults
KW - anabolic steroids
KW - creatine
KW - intimate partner violence
KW - performance-enhancing substance use
KW - steroids
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U2 - 10.1177/08862605211073097
DO - 10.1177/08862605211073097
M3 - Article
C2 - 35119318
AN - SCOPUS:85124334329
SN - 0886-2605
VL - 37
SP - NP22944-NP22965
JO - Journal of Interpersonal Violence
JF - Journal of Interpersonal Violence
IS - 23-24
ER -