TY - JOUR
T1 - Pathophysiology of fetal growth restriction
T2 - Implications for diagnosis and surveillance
AU - Baschat, Ahmet Alexander
PY - 2004/8/1
Y1 - 2004/8/1
N2 - Normal fetal growth depends on the genetically predetermined growth potential and is modulated by fetal placental, maternal, and external factors. Fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are at high risk for poor short- and long-term outcome. Although there are many underlying etiologies, IUGR resulting from placental insufficiency is most relevant clinically because outcome could be altered by appropriate diagnosis and timely delivery. A diagnostic approach that aims to separate IUGR resulting from placental disease from constitutionally small fetuses and those with other underlying etiologies (e.g., aneuploidy, viral infection, nonaneuploid syndromes) needs to integrate multiple imaging modalities. In placental-based IUGR, cardiovascular and behavioral responses are interrelated with the disease severity. Ultrasound assessment of fetal anatomy, amniotic fluid volume, and growth is complementary to the Doppler investigation of fetoplacental blood flow dynamics. A diagnostic approach to IUGR combining these modalities is presented in this review.
AB - Normal fetal growth depends on the genetically predetermined growth potential and is modulated by fetal placental, maternal, and external factors. Fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are at high risk for poor short- and long-term outcome. Although there are many underlying etiologies, IUGR resulting from placental insufficiency is most relevant clinically because outcome could be altered by appropriate diagnosis and timely delivery. A diagnostic approach that aims to separate IUGR resulting from placental disease from constitutionally small fetuses and those with other underlying etiologies (e.g., aneuploidy, viral infection, nonaneuploid syndromes) needs to integrate multiple imaging modalities. In placental-based IUGR, cardiovascular and behavioral responses are interrelated with the disease severity. Ultrasound assessment of fetal anatomy, amniotic fluid volume, and growth is complementary to the Doppler investigation of fetoplacental blood flow dynamics. A diagnostic approach to IUGR combining these modalities is presented in this review.
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U2 - 10.1097/01.OGX.0000133943.54530.76
DO - 10.1097/01.OGX.0000133943.54530.76
M3 - Review article
C2 - 15277896
AN - SCOPUS:3242795996
VL - 59
SP - 617
EP - 627
JO - Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey
JF - Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey
SN - 0029-7828
IS - 8
ER -