TY - JOUR
T1 - Pain and dermal reaction caused by injected glycerin in immunotherapy solutions
AU - Van Metre, Thomas E.
AU - Rosenberg, Gary L.
AU - Vaswani, Surender K.
AU - Ziegler, Sharon R.
AU - Adkinson, N. Franklin
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported in part by a grant from the Maryland Chapter of the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America.
PY - 1996
Y1 - 1996
N2 - Background: Fifty percent glycerin preserves immunotherapy solution potency for at least 3 years but must be diluted before injection to reduce glycerin-induced pain and inflammation. We studied pain, erythema, induration, and bruises caused by glycerin (0% to 30%). Methods: In 15 healthy subjects we compared, in double-blind fashion, pain scores, injection site erythema, induration, and bruising caused by subcutaneous injections in randomized order of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 ml of glycerin 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. Results: Injection volume did not significantly influence pain scores from diluent alone (0% glycerin) (p > 0.1). Pain scores of subjects given glycerin (0.1 to 1 ml, 10% to 30%) increased significantly as both injection volume (p < 0.001) and glycerin concentration (p < 0.001) increased. Pain scores correlated with total glycerin dose administered (volume x concentration) (r(s) = 0.67, p < 0.0005) but varied widely, from minimal to severe, in those given the same dose. Injection site erythema, induration, and bruising occurred in some subjects with significant positive correlations between total glycerin dose and both frequency and diameters of erythema and induration. However, these dermal reactions were of trivial clinical importance. Conclusion: Injected glycerin produces pain that is proportional to total injected dose of glycerin, but individual variation in perceived discomfort is substantial. Total glycerin doses of less than 0.05 ml rarely produce clinically important pain.
AB - Background: Fifty percent glycerin preserves immunotherapy solution potency for at least 3 years but must be diluted before injection to reduce glycerin-induced pain and inflammation. We studied pain, erythema, induration, and bruises caused by glycerin (0% to 30%). Methods: In 15 healthy subjects we compared, in double-blind fashion, pain scores, injection site erythema, induration, and bruising caused by subcutaneous injections in randomized order of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 ml of glycerin 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. Results: Injection volume did not significantly influence pain scores from diluent alone (0% glycerin) (p > 0.1). Pain scores of subjects given glycerin (0.1 to 1 ml, 10% to 30%) increased significantly as both injection volume (p < 0.001) and glycerin concentration (p < 0.001) increased. Pain scores correlated with total glycerin dose administered (volume x concentration) (r(s) = 0.67, p < 0.0005) but varied widely, from minimal to severe, in those given the same dose. Injection site erythema, induration, and bruising occurred in some subjects with significant positive correlations between total glycerin dose and both frequency and diameters of erythema and induration. However, these dermal reactions were of trivial clinical importance. Conclusion: Injected glycerin produces pain that is proportional to total injected dose of glycerin, but individual variation in perceived discomfort is substantial. Total glycerin doses of less than 0.05 ml rarely produce clinically important pain.
KW - Glycerin
KW - bruising
KW - dose
KW - erythema
KW - human serum albumin saline
KW - immunotherapy solution
KW - induration
KW - pain
KW - potency
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U2 - 10.1016/S0091-6749(96)70254-3
DO - 10.1016/S0091-6749(96)70254-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 8626978
AN - SCOPUS:0029882965
SN - 0091-6749
VL - 97
SP - 1033
EP - 1039
JO - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
JF - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
IS - 5
ER -